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Under What Assumptions Do Site-by-Treatment Instruments Identify Average Causal Effects?

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  • Sean F. Reardon
  • Stephen W. Raudenbush

Abstract

The increasing availability of data from multisite randomized trials provides a potential opportunity to use instrumental variables (IV) methods to study the effects of multiple hypothesized mediators of the effect of a treatment. We derive nine assumptions needed to identify the effects of multiple mediators when using site-by-treatment interactions to generate multiple instruments. Three of these assumptions are unique to the multiple-site, multiple-mediator case: (1) the assumption that the mediators act in parallel (no mediator affects another mediator); (2) the assumption that the site-average effect of the treatment on each mediator is independent of the site-average effect of each mediator on the outcome; and (3) the assumption that the site-by-compliance matrix has sufficient rank. The first two of these assumptions are nontrivial and cannot be empirically verified, suggesting that multiple-site, multiple-mediator IV models must be justified by strong theory.

Suggested Citation

  • Sean F. Reardon & Stephen W. Raudenbush, 2013. "Under What Assumptions Do Site-by-Treatment Instruments Identify Average Causal Effects?," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 42(2), pages 143-163, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:42:y:2013:i:2:p:143-163
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124113494575
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. James J. Heckman & Sergio Urzua & Edward Vytlacil, 2006. "Understanding Instrumental Variables in Models with Essential Heterogeneity," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 88(3), pages 389-432, August.
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    2. Charles Michalopoulos & Kristen Faucetta & Carolyn J. Hill & Zimena A. Portilla & Lori Burrell & Helen Lee & Anne Duggan & Virginia Knox, "undated". "Impacts on Family Outcomes of Evidence-Based Early Childhood Home Visiting: Results from the Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation," Mathematica Policy Research Reports 3adcbd3368c545679a6784b8a, Mathematica Policy Research.
    3. Taylor, Eric, 2014. "Spending more of the school day in math class: Evidence from a regression discontinuity in middle school," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 162-181.

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