IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/jedbes/v43y2018i3p316-353.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Multiple Imputation of Missing Data at Level 2: A Comparison of Fully Conditional and Joint Modeling in Multilevel Designs

Author

Listed:
  • Simon Grund
  • Oliver Lüdtke
  • Alexander Robitzsch

Abstract

Multiple imputation (MI) can be used to address missing data at Level 2 in multilevel research. In this article, we compare joint modeling (JM) and the fully conditional specification (FCS) of MI as well as different strategies for including auxiliary variables at Level 1 using either their manifest or their latent cluster means. We show with theoretical arguments and computer simulations that (a) an FCS approach that uses latent cluster means is comparable to JM and (b) using manifest cluster means provides similar results except in relatively extreme cases with unbalanced data. We outline a computational procedure for including latent cluster means in an FCS approach using plausible values and provide an example using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment 2012 study.

Suggested Citation

  • Simon Grund & Oliver Lüdtke & Alexander Robitzsch, 2018. "Multiple Imputation of Missing Data at Level 2: A Comparison of Fully Conditional and Joint Modeling in Multilevel Designs," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 43(3), pages 316-353, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jedbes:v:43:y:2018:i:3:p:316-353
    DOI: 10.3102/1076998617738087
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/1076998617738087
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3102/1076998617738087?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Donald B. Rubin, 2003. "Nested multiple imputation of NMES via partially incompatible MCMC," Statistica Neerlandica, Netherlands Society for Statistics and Operations Research, vol. 57(1), pages 3-18, February.
    2. van Buuren, Stef & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Karin, 2011. "mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 45(i03).
    3. Patrick Royston, 2005. "Multiple imputation of missing values: update," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 5(2), pages 188-201, June.
    4. Patrick Royston, 2005. "Multiple imputation of missing values: Update of ice," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 5(4), pages 527-536, December.
    5. Jörg Drechsler, 2015. "Multiple Imputation of Multilevel Missing Data—Rigor Versus Simplicity," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 40(1), pages 69-95, February.
    6. Yongyun Shin & Stephen W. Raudenbush, 2010. "A Latent Cluster-Mean Approach to the Contextual Effects Model With Missing Data," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 35(1), pages 26-53, February.
    7. Patrick Royston, 2005. "MICE for multiple imputation of missing values," United Kingdom Stata Users' Group Meetings 2005 02, Stata Users Group.
    8. Robert Mislevy, 1991. "Randomization-based inference about latent variables from complex samples," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 56(2), pages 177-196, June.
    9. Matthew Blackwell & James Honaker & Gary King, 2017. "A Unified Approach to Measurement Error and Missing Data: Overview and Applications," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 46(3), pages 303-341, August.
    10. Royston, Patrick & White, Ian R., 2011. "Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE): Implementation in Stata," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 45(i04).
    11. repec:bla:istatr:v:83:y:2015:i:3:p:472-492 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Ke-Hai Yuan & Kentaro Hayashi, 2005. "On muthén’s maximum likelihood for two-level covariance structure models," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 70(1), pages 147-167, March.
    13. Anne C. Black & Ofer Harel & D. Betsy McCoach, 2011. "Missing data techniques for multilevel data: implications of model misspecification," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(9), pages 1845-1865, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Simon Grund & Oliver Lüdtke & Alexander Robitzsch, 2023. "Handling Missing Data in Cross-Classified Multilevel Analyses: An Evaluation of Different Multiple Imputation Approaches," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 48(4), pages 454-489, August.
    2. Gerko Vink & Laurence E. Frank & Jeroen Pannekoek & Stef Buuren, 2014. "Predictive mean matching imputation of semicontinuous variables," Statistica Neerlandica, Netherlands Society for Statistics and Operations Research, vol. 68(1), pages 61-90, February.
    3. Álvaro Choi & María Gil & Mauro Mediavilla & Javier Valbuena, 2016. "Double toil and trouble: grade retention and academic performance," Working Papers 2016/7, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
    4. Oya Kalaycioglu & Andrew Copas & Michael King & Rumana Z. Omar, 2016. "A comparison of multiple-imputation methods for handling missing data in repeated measurements observational studies," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 179(3), pages 683-706, June.
    5. Gerko Vink & Stef van Buuren, 2013. "Multiple Imputation of Squared Terms," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 42(4), pages 598-607, November.
    6. Simon Grund & Oliver Lüdtke & Alexander Robitzsch, 2021. "On the Treatment of Missing Data in Background Questionnaires in Educational Large-Scale Assessments: An Evaluation of Different Procedures," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 46(4), pages 430-465, August.
    7. Lee, Chioun & Ryff, Carol D., 2016. "Early parenthood as a link between childhood disadvantage and adult heart problems: A gender-based approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 58-66.
    8. Denney, Justin T. & Brewer, Mackenzie & Kimbro, Rachel Tolbert, 2020. "Food insecurity in households with young children: A test of contextual congruence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    9. Watkins, Adam M. & Melde, Chris, 2018. "Gangs, gender, and involvement in crime, victimization, and exposure to violence," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 11-25.
    10. HwaJung Choi & Robert F. Schoeni & Kenneth M. Langa & Michele M. Heisler, 2015. "Spouse and Child Availability for Newly Disabled Older Adults: Socioeconomic Differences and Potential Role of Residential Proximity," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 70(3), pages 462-469.
    11. Jason R. D. Rarick & Carly Tubbs Dolan & Wen‐Jui Han & Jun Wen, 2018. "Relations Between Socioeconomic Status, Subjective Social Status, and Health in Shanghai, China," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 99(1), pages 390-405, March.
    12. David W Lawson & Arijeta Makoli & Anna Goodman, 2013. "Sibling Configuration Predicts Individual and Descendant Socioeconomic Success in a Modern Post-Industrial Society," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-9, September.
    13. HwaJung Choi & Robert F. Schoeni & Kenneth M. Langa & Michele M. Heisler, 2015. "Older Adults’ Residential Proximity to Their Children: Changes After Cardiovascular Events," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 70(6), pages 995-1004.
    14. Brewer, Mackenzie & Kimbro, Rachel Tolbert, 2014. "Neighborhood context and immigrant children's physical activity," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 1-9.
    15. Lee, RaeHyuck & Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne & Han, Wen-Jui & Waldfogel, Jane & Zhai, Fuhua, 2014. "Is participation in Head Start associated with less maternal spanking for boys and girls?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 55-63.
    16. Lombardi, Caitlin McPherran, 2021. "Family income and mothers’ parenting quality: Within-family associations from infancy to late childhood," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    17. Minda Tan & Shuiyun Liu, 2023. "A Way of Human Capital Accumulation: Heterogeneous Impact of Shadow Education on Students’ Academic Performance in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, November.
    18. Angela Cipollone & Carlo D'Ippoliti, 2009. "Women's Employment: Beyond Individual Characteristics vs. Contextual Factors Explanations," Working Papers CELEG 0901, Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, LUISS Guido Carli.
    19. King, Christian, 2018. "Food insecurity and child behavior problems in fragile families," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 14-22.
    20. Emma Zang & Anthony R. Bardo, 2019. "Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status, Their Discrepancy, and Health: Evidence from East Asia," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 143(2), pages 765-794, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:jedbes:v:43:y:2018:i:3:p:316-353. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.