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Cities and Energy: Urban Morphology and Residential Heat-Energy Demand

Author

Listed:
  • Philipp Rode

    (LSE Cities, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, England)

  • Christian Keim

    (EDF R and D Center, Asia Pacific Direction-China Division, Henderson Center, Tower 2, 12th floor, 18 Janguomennei Avenue, 100005 Beijing, China)

  • Guido Robazza

    (LSE Cities, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, England)

  • Pablo Viejo

    (European Institute for Energy Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Emmy-Noether-Strasse 11, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

  • James Schofield

    (LSE Cities, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, England)

Abstract

Our aim is better understanding of the theoretical heat-energy demand of different types of urban form at a scale of 500 m × 500 m. The empirical basis of this study includes samples of dominant residential building typologies identified for Paris, London, Berlin, and Istanbul. In addition, archetypal idealised samples were created for each type through an analysis of their built form parameters and the removal of unwanted ‘invasive’ morphologies. The digital elevation models of these real and idealised samples were run through a simulation that modelled solar gains and building surface energy losses to estimate heat-energy demand. In addition to investigating the effect of macroscale morphological parameters, microscale design parameters, such as U-values and glazing ratios, as well as climatic effects were analysed. The theoretical results of this study suggest that urban-morphology-induced heat-energy efficiency is significant and can lead to a difference in heat-energy demand of up to a factor of six. Compact and tall building types were found to have the greatest heat-energy efficiency at the neighbourhood scale while detached housing was found to have the lowest.

Suggested Citation

  • Philipp Rode & Christian Keim & Guido Robazza & Pablo Viejo & James Schofield, 2014. "Cities and Energy: Urban Morphology and Residential Heat-Energy Demand," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 41(1), pages 138-162, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirb:v:41:y:2014:i:1:p:138-162
    DOI: 10.1068/b39065
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Swan, Lukas G. & Ugursal, V. Ismet, 2009. "Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(8), pages 1819-1835, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Natanian, Jonathan & Aleksandrowicz, Or & Auer, Thomas, 2019. "A parametric approach to optimizing urban form, energy balance and environmental quality: The case of Mediterranean districts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    2. Zhang, Ji & Xu, Le & Shabunko, Veronika & Tay, Stephen En Rong & Sun, Huixuan & Lau, Stephen Siu Yu & Reindl, Thomas, 2019. "Impact of urban block typology on building solar potential and energy use efficiency in tropical high-density city," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 513-533.
    3. Wolfgang Loibl & Romana Stollnberger & Doris Österreicher, 2017. "Residential Heat Supply by Waste-Heat Re-Use: Sources, Supply Potential and Demand Coverage—A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-19, February.
    4. Mohajeri, Nahid & Perera, A.T.D. & Coccolo, Silvia & Mosca, Lucas & Le Guen, Morgane & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2019. "Integrating urban form and distributed energy systems: Assessment of sustainable development scenarios for a Swiss village to 2050," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 810-826.
    5. Weinand, J.M. & McKenna, R. & Fichtner, W., 2019. "Developing a municipality typology for modelling decentralised energy systems," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 75-96.
    6. Milena Vuckovic & Kristina Kiesel & Ardeshir Mahdavi, 2017. "The Extent and Implications of the Microclimatic Conditions in the Urban Environment: A Vienna Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-16, January.
    7. Rafiee, A. & Dias, E. & Koomen, E., 2019. "Analysing the impact of spatial context on the heat consumption of individual households," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 461-470.
    8. Dimitra Tsirigoti & Katerina Tsikaloudaki, 2018. "The Effect of Climate Conditions on the Relation between Energy Efficiency and Urban Form," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-29, March.
    9. Toparlar, Y. & Blocken, B. & Maiheu, B. & van Heijst, G.J.F., 2018. "Impact of urban microclimate on summertime building cooling demand: A parametric analysis for Antwerp, Belgium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 852-872.

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