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Land Use, Transport, and Carbon Futures: The Impact of Spatial Form Strategies in Three UK Urban Regions

Author

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  • Gordon Mitchell

    (The School of Geography and Institute for Transport Studies, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England)

  • Anthony Hargreaves

    (The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies, The Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, 1-5 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge CB2 1PX, England)

  • Anil Namdeo

    (Transport Operations Research Group, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Cassie Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England)

  • Marcial Echenique

    (The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies, The Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, 1-5 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge CB2 1PX, England)

Abstract

Land-use and transport systems are an important determinant of carbon dioxide emissions from urban regions. It is often asserted that urban compaction is the spatial policy best able to constrain travel and emissions, but evidence supporting this assertion is limited, particularly with respect to the combined emission from transport and land use. Here, using land-use–transport interaction models, a residential dwelling type model, and transport and emission models, we forecast and assess carbon dioxide emissions from transport, dwellings, and commercial space to 2031 for a range of spatial strategies realistically investigated for three English regions of decreasing size (the Wider South East region, Tyne and Wear, and Cambridge). Our results reveal that compaction can reduce emission relative to other spatial scenarios but that the differences are small, about 5% between extremes, an order of magnitude less than emission growth observed over the trend period. Form has more influence for settlements where the pattern and proximity of employment, housing, and services can make cycling, walking, and public transport provision more feasible. We conclude that pricing and technology measures offer better prospects for combating the growth in carbon emissions of urban regions, but that the type of urban form delivered is likely to be a significant determinant in the type of clean energy technology that can be implemented.

Suggested Citation

  • Gordon Mitchell & Anthony Hargreaves & Anil Namdeo & Marcial Echenique, 2011. "Land Use, Transport, and Carbon Futures: The Impact of Spatial Form Strategies in Three UK Urban Regions," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 43(9), pages 2143-2163, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:43:y:2011:i:9:p:2143-2163
    DOI: 10.1068/a43570
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Saujot, Mathieu & Lefèvre, Benoit, 2016. "The next generation of urban MACCs. Reassessing the cost-effectiveness of urban mitigation options by integrating a systemic approach and social costs," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 124-138.
    2. Soares, N. & Martins, A.G. & Carvalho, A.L. & Caldeira, C. & Du, C. & Castanheira, É. & Rodrigues, E. & Oliveira, G. & Pereira, G.I. & Bastos, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Ribeiro, L.A. & Figueiredo, N.C. & , 2018. "The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 171-193.
    3. Hargreaves, Anthony & Cheng, Vicky & Deshmukh, Sandip & Leach, Matthew & Steemers, Koen, 2017. "Forecasting how residential urban form affects the regional carbon savings and costs of retrofitting and decentralized energy supply," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P3), pages 549-561.
    4. Davide Burgalassi & Tommaso Luzzati, 2015. "Urban spatial structure and environmental emissions: a survey of the literature and some empirical evidence for Italian NUTS-3 regions," Discussion Papers 2015/199, Dipartimento di Economia e Management (DEM), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

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