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Capital humain et croissance : le rôle du régime commercial

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  • Jean-Claude Berthélemy
  • Aristomène Varoudakis
  • Sébastien Dessus

Abstract

[fre] La littérature récente n'apporte aucune validation économétrique, sur données de panel, de l'hypothèse selon laquelle le capital humain contribue à la crois­sance. Nous confirmons ce résultat à l'aide d'un échantillon comprenant 83 pays et six périodes entre 1960 et 1990. Cependant, l'estimation sur ces mêmes don­nées de panel de modèles à termes interactifs puis à coefficients variables sug­gère que la contribution de l'éducation à la croissance dépend du taux d'ouverture commerciale. Ce résultat peut s'expliquer par une relation positive entre rémuné­ration du capital humain et ouverture extérieure. Les distorsions qui en résultent dans l'affectation du capital humain aux diverses activités économiques sont sus­ceptibles d'influer sur le taux de croissance. [eng] Recent literature finds no econometric support on panel data for the idea that human capital contributes to growth. We confirm this statement for a database of 83 countries and 6 time periods between 1960 and 1990. However, we find sup­portive evidence of a positive role of education in growth in connection with trade openness, using both panel estimations with interactive terms and varying-para-meter models. Our empirical findings can be explained by the changes in the returns to human capital induced by trade openness. The resulting distortions in the allocation of human capital over different types of economic activities may exert an influence on the rate of growth.

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  • Jean-Claude Berthélemy & Aristomène Varoudakis & Sébastien Dessus, 1997. "Capital humain et croissance : le rôle du régime commercial," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(3), pages 419-428.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1997_num_48_3_409883
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1997.409883
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1997.409883
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    2. Niang, Abdou-Aziz & Pichery, Marie-Claude & Edjo, Marcellin, 2010. "Convergence test in the presence of structural changes: an empirical procedure based on panel data with cross-sectional dependence," MPRA Paper 23452, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Russell D. Murphy, 2006. "Labor market flexibility and investment in human capital," Working Papers e06-5, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Economics.
    4. Martine AUDIBERT & Pascale COMBES MOTEL & Alassane DRABO, 2010. "Global Burden of Disease and Economic Growth," Working Papers 201036, CERDI.
    5. David Perrain & Philippe Jean-Pierre, 2020. "Tourisme et croissance économique dans les petites économies insulaires : à l'épreuve des modèles à seuil," Working Papers hal-02462562, HAL.
    6. Mohamed Trabelsi, 2002. "Finance and Growth: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries 1960-1990," Working Papers 0228, Economic Research Forum, revised 26 Sep 2002.
    7. Jean-Claude Berthelémy & Sophie Chauvin, 2000. "Structural Changes in Asia and Growth Prospects After the Crisis," Working Papers 2000-09, CEPII research center.
    8. Bertrand BLANCHETON & Lambert OPARA-OPIMBA, 2010. "Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: What are the Key Factors of Attraction aside from Natural Resources?," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2010-14, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    9. Alastaire Sèna Alinsato, 2022. "Regional Integration in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU): Complementarity or Competition?," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-11, January.
    10. Younesse El Menyari, 2019. "Financial Development, Foreign Banks and Economic Growth in Africa," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 31(2), pages 190-201, June.
    11. Dubrocard, Anne & Prombo, Michel, 2012. "International comparison of Environmental performance," MPRA Paper 48072, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 05 Jul 2013.
    12. TRABELSI, Mohammed, 2002. "Finance and Growth : Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries, 1960-1990," Cahiers de recherche 2002-13, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques.

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