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Mesurer les préférences du consommateur pour orienter les décisions des pouvoirs publics : l'apport de la méthode expérimentale

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  • Bernard Ruffieux
  • Anne Rozan
  • Stéphane Robin

Abstract

[eng] To assess how a public decision can affect citizens’ interests, we need to estimate individual preferences. Economists usually assess individual preference through a market decision. Most often, however, public decisions have an impact on non-market goods. Without a market to refer to, evaluating a public decision’s effect on individual welfare poses a methodological challenge. Despite major improvements, preference studies based on hypothetical questions – for example, using a survey or contingent valuation – are biased. The experimental methodology is a promising alternative for directly obtaining an individual valuation of a public decision. Indeed, the use of the experimental method in preference studies is growing, and our paper discusses this approach. In particular , we answer the following questions : Why is it worth using the experimental method to evaluate individual preference ? And how should we conduct this kind of experiment ? [fre] La prise en compte de l’intérêt du citoyen dans la décision publique passe par l’estimation des préférences individuelles. Dès lors qu’il n’existe pas de marché de référence, mesurer l’impact d’une décision publique sur le bien-être des individus pose un vrai problème méthodologique. En dépit des nombreuses améliorations apportées à ces méthodes, l’enquête d’opinion ou l’évaluation contingente produisent des mesures des préférences individuelles qui sont altérées par différents biais. L’économie expérimentale constitue une alternative intéressante en permettant une mesure directe de la valeur qu’attribue un individu pour un choix du décideur public telle une nouvelle réglementation ou la production d’un bien public. L’utilisation de cette méthode comme outil d’aide à la décision publique est croissante. Nous nous proposons dans cet article de faire une présentation de cette démarche. Précisément, cet article répond aux deux questions suivantes : Quelle est l’utilité d’une évaluation des préférences individuelles en laboratoire pour le décideur public ? Comment conduire de telles évaluations ?

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  • Bernard Ruffieux & Anne Rozan & Stéphane Robin, 2008. "Mesurer les préférences du consommateur pour orienter les décisions des pouvoirs publics : l'apport de la méthode expérimentale," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 182(1), pages 113-127.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2008_num_182_1_7755
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2008.7755
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2008.7755
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    • B4 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology
    • C9 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments
    • D1 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior

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