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La méthode d'évaluation contingente : application à la qualité des eaux littorales

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  • François Bonnieux
  • Philippe Le Goffe
  • Dominique Vermersch

Abstract

[ger] Die Methode der Kontingenzanalyse: eine Anwendung auf die Qualität der Küstengewässer, . von François Bonnieux, Philippe Le Goffe, Dominique Vermesch.. . Es wird an den historischen Kontext erinnert, in dem die Méthode der Kontingenzanalyse entwickelt wurde, wobei die treibende Kraft der Nachfrage durch die Behörden sowie der Aktionen gegen die Verantwortlichen von Umweltschäden hervorgehoben wird. Die Anwendung dieser Méthode wird zunächst in einem allgemeinen Rahmen diskutiert, wobei das Interesse dem Begriff des hypothetischen Szenarios mit den sich daraus ergebenden Verzerrungen und den Techniken der Präferenzoffenbarungen gilt. Danach wird die Méthode anhand einer Fallstudie, und zwar über die Verbesserung der Qualität der Küstengewässer veranschaulicht. Hierbei stützt man sich auf das Beispiel der Reede von Brest und auf die Ergebnisse einer Erhebung, die bei 607 Personen im Sommer 1993 durchgeführt wurde. Zwei Szenarien werden untersucht; das erste betrifft die Verbesserung der Gewässerqualität und das zweite den Schutz des Ökosystems in der Reede vor der Eutrophierung. Mit der Zahlung eines Beitrages für die Gewässerqualität wären 75% der befragten Personen und für das Ökosystem 49% einverstanden. Für jedes Gut ist ein Tobit-Modell über die Zahlungsbereitschaft erstellt worden. Die bedeutendsten erklärenden Variablen sind das Geschlecht, das Einkommen, der Ausbildungsgrad oder der Beruf, die Sensibilität für Umweltfragen, die Einstellung gegenüber der Wasserqualität und das Betreiben von Freizeittätigkeiten. [eng] The Contingent Evaluation Method Used to Assess the Quality of Coastal Waters, . by François Bonnieux, Philippe Le Goffe and Dominique Vermesch.. . This article reviews the historical context surrounding the development of the contingent evaluation method by highlighting the driving force of central government demand and action taken against those responsible for environmental damage. The use of the method is discussed initially from a general standpoint, based on the hypothetical scenario notion with its consequent biases and on preference disclosing techniques. The method is then illustrated by a case study of coastal water quality improvement. This study uses the example of Brest harbour and the results of a summer 1993 survey of 607 people. Two scenarios are considered. The first concerns improving the purity of the water and the second the protection of the harbour's ecosystem against eutrophication. Of those surveyed, 75% said that they would be prepared to pay for purity and 49% for the ecosystem. A Tobit model of agreement to pay is drawn up for each item. The most significant explanatory variables are gender, income, educational level or profession, environmental awareness, the perception of water quality and the practice of leisure activities. [fre] La méthode d 'évaluation contingente : application à la qualité des eaux littorales, . par François Bonnieux, Philippe Le Goffe, Dominique Vermesch.. . Le contexte historique dans lequel a été développé la méthode d'évaluation contingente est rappelé, en insistant sur le rôle moteur de la demande des administrations et des actions contre les responsables de dommages à l'environnement. La mise en œuvre de la méthode est tout d'abord discutée sur un plan général, en s'intéressant à la notion de scénario hypothétique avec les biais qui en découlent et aux techniques de révélation des préférences. Puis elle est illustrée à partir d'une étude de cas, celui de l'amélioration de la qualité des eaux littorales. On s'appuie ici sur l'exemple de la rade de Brest et sur les résultats d'une enquête conduite auprès de 607 personnes pendant l'été 1993. Deux scénarios sont étudiés, le premier concerne l'amélioration de la salubrité des eaux et le second la préservation de l'écosystème de la rade l'eutrophisation. 75 % des enquêtes accepteraient de payer pour la salubrité, et 49 % pour l'écosystème. Pour chaque bien on a réalisé une modélisation Tobit du consentement à payer. Les variables explicatives les plus significatives sont : le sexe, le revenu, le niveau d'études ou la profession, la sensibilité environnementale, la perception de la qualité de l'eau et la pratique d'activités récréatives. [spa] El método de evaluación contingente : aplicación a la calidad de las aguas litorales, . por François Bonnieux, Philippe Le Goffe, Dominique Vermesch.. . Se recuerda el contexto histórico dentro del cual ha sido ideado el método de evaluación contingente insistiendo en el papel motor de la demanda de las administraciones y de las acciones contra los responsables de los daños al medio ambiente. Ante todo se discute la puesta en práctica del método desde una óptica general, interesándose en la noción de caso hipotético con los sesgos consecuentes y en las técnicas de revelación de las preferencias. Luego se le ilustra a partir de un estudio de caso específico, el de la mejora de la calidad de las aguas litorales. Se respalda aquí con el ejemplo de la rada de Brest y se fundamenta con los resultados de una encuesta llevada a cabo ante 607 personas durante el verano de 1993. Se examinan dos casos, el primero se refiere a la mejora de la salubridad de las aguas y el segundo, la preservación del ecosistema de la rada, contra el fenómeno de deterioración del medio marino. El 75% de los encuestados aceptarían pagar por la salubridad, y el 49% por el ecosistema. Para cada bien se ha realizado una modelización Tobit del consentimiento a pagar. Las variables explicativas más significativas son : el sexo, el ingreso, el nivel de estudios o la profesión, la sensibilidad medioambiental, la percepción de la calidad del agua y la práctica de actividades recreativas.

Suggested Citation

  • François Bonnieux & Philippe Le Goffe & Dominique Vermersch, 1995. "La méthode d'évaluation contingente : application à la qualité des eaux littorales," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 117(1), pages 89-106.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1995_num_117_1_5716
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1995.5716
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1995.5716
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    1. Francois Bonnieux, 1995. "La mesure de la valeur de l'eau et de ses usages," Post-Print hal-01594078, HAL.
    2. Voltaire, Louinord, 2012. "Effet d’une taxe et d’un droit d’entrée sur les consentements à payer des touristes pour de nouvelles réserves naturelles dans le golfe du Morbihan," Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement, Editions NecPlus, vol. 92(02), pages 183-209, October.
    3. Caroline Roussy & Aude Ridier & Karim Chaïb, 2014. "Adoption d’innovations par les agriculteurs : rôle des perceptions et des préférences," Post-Print hal-01123427, HAL.
    4. Júdez, Lucinio & de Andrés, Rosario & Pérez Hugalde, Carlos & Urzainqui, Elvira & Ibáñez, Miguel, 1998. "Évaluation contingente de l’usage récréatif d’une réserve naturelle humide," Cahiers d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales (CESR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 48.
    5. Bouchrika Ali & Terzi Chokri & Mhadhbi Khalil & El Ammari Anis, 2017. "The Qualitative Model Provides to the Creation of a Hypothetical Water Market in Tunisia," International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 1(4), pages 96-105, February.
    6. François Bonnieux & Pierre Rainelli, 2002. "Évaluation des dommages des marées noires : une illustration à partir du cas de l’Erika et des pertes d’agrément des résidents," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 357(1), pages 173-187.
    7. El Aida, Kawtar & El Kadiri, Mounir & Mourji, Fouzi, 2015. "The demand for health microinsurance services: assessment of the contribution effort using microeconomic data," MPRA Paper 68470, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Ali, Bouchrika & FakhriI, Issaoui & Habib, Jouber, 2014. "Evaluation of the Utility Function of an Environmental asset: Contingent valuation Method (CVM)," MPRA Paper 60421, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Bernard Ruffieux & Anne Rozan & Stéphane Robin, 2008. "Mesurer les préférences du consommateur pour orienter les décisions des pouvoirs publics : l'apport de la méthode expérimentale," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 182(1), pages 113-127.
    10. Lucinio Júdez & de Rosario Andrés & Carlos Pérez Hugalde & Elvira Urzainqui & Miguel Ibáñez, 1998. "Évaluation contingente de l’usage récréatif d’une réserve naturelle humide," Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, INRA Department of Economics, vol. 48, pages 37-60.
    11. Lucinio Júdez & Rosario de Andrés & Carlos Pérez Hugalde & Elvira Urzainqui & Miguel Ibáñez, 1998. "Évaluation contingente de l’usage récréatif d’une réserve naturelle humide," Post-Print hal-01200908, HAL.

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