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Créations et suppressions d'emploi en France [Une étude de la période 1984-1992]

Author

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  • Sylvie Lagarde
  • Éric Maurin
  • Constance Torelli

Abstract

[eng] Job Creations and Destructions in France A Survey of the period from 1984 to 1992, . by Sylvie Lagarde, Éric Maurin and Constance Torelli.. . Job flows have certain characteristics in common in France and the United States. They tend to increase when the economy slows down and, more importantly, they reflect the diversity of individual dynamics within the different activity sectors. Job reallocation between sectors plays a secondary role. Although sound at an international level, previous results merely concern the reallocation of jobs between production units. Yet, every year, large numbers of job reallocations are made actually within the production units : the vast majority of the units create and axe jobs simultaneously. These internal reorganizations result in job flows as high as those normally observed between establishments. Moreover, they tend to escalate when the economy is favourable. This result challenges the hypothesis whereby recessions play a dominant role in the process of reallocating activities and resources. [spa] Creaciones y supresiones de empleos en Francia. . Un estudio del período 1984 - 1992. . por Sylvie Lagarde, Eric Maurin y Constance Torelli.. . Los flujos de empleos presentan, en Francia y en los Estados Unidos, características comunes. Tienen tendencia a intensificarse en caso de haber una ralentización de la coyuntura, y reflejan ante todo la diversidad de las dinámicas individuales en el seno de los distintos sectores de actividad. Las reasignaciones de empleos entre sectores desempeñan un papel secundario. . Los resultados anteriores, sólidos a nivel internacional no se refieren sin embargo más que a las reasignaciones de empleos entre las unidades de producción. Ahora bien, cada ano tienen lugar significativas reasignaciones de empleos dentro de los sitios productivos mismos. Las unidades son en efecto en su gran mayoría, simultaneamente creadoras y destructoras de empleos. Estas reorganizaciones internas inducen flujos de empleos tan masivos como los que se observa habitualmente entre los establecimientos. Además, tienen tendencia a intensificarse cuando la coyuntura es favorable. Este resultado pone en tela de juicio la hipótesis del papel prépondérante de las recesiones en el proceso de reasignaciôn de las actividades y de los recursos. [ger] Schaffung und Abbau von Arbeitsplätzen in Frankreich: eine Untersuchung für den Zeitraum 1984-1992, . von Sylvie Lagarde, Eric Maurin und Constance Torelli.. . Die Beschäftigungsströme weisen in Frankreich und in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinsame Merkmale auf. Sie intensivieren sich in der Regel bei einer Verlangsamung der Konjunktur und spiegeln hauptsâchlich die Vielf alt der individuellen Dynamiken innerhalb der einzelnen Tätigkeitsbereiche wider. Die Beschäftigungsreallokationen zwischen den Sektoren spielen lediglich eine untergeordnete Rolle. . Diese Ergebnisse, die auf intemationaler Ebene Bestand haben, betreffen allerdings nur die Beschäftigungsreallokationen zwischen den Produktionseinheiten. Jährlich finden jedoch beträchtliche Beschäftigungsreallokationen innerhalb der Produktionsstätten selbst statt, da in den meisten Einheiten Arbeitsplätze sowohl geschaffen als auch abgebaut werden. Diese internen Reorganisationen, die bei günstiger Konjunkturlage im allgemeinen noch zunehmen, bewirken Beschäftigungsströme, die genauso massiv wie diejenigen sind, die gewöhnlich zwischen den Betrieben beobachtet werden. Durch dieses Ergebnis wird die Hypothèse von der vorherrschenden Rolle der Rezessionen beim Prozeß der Aktivitäten- und Ressourcenreallokation in Frage gestellt. [fre] Créations et suppressions d'emplois en France Une étude de la période 1984-1992, . par Sylvie Lagarde, Éric Maurin, Constance Torelli.. . Les flux d'emplois présentent, en France et aux États-Unis des caractéristiques communes. Ils ont tendance à s'intensifier lorsque la conjoncture ralentit, et reflètent avant tout la diversité des dynamiques individuelles au sein des différents secteurs d'activité. Les réallocations d'emplois entre secteurs jouent un rôle secondaire. Robustes au niveau international, les résultats précédents ne concernent toutefois que les réallocations d'emplois entre les unités de production. Or, chaque année, d'importantes réallocations d' emplois ont lieu à l' intérieur même des sites productifs : les unités sont en effet, dans leur grande majorité, simultanément créatrices et destructrices d'emplois. Ces réorganisations internes induisent des flux d'emplois tout aussi massifs que ceux que l'on observe habituellement entre les établissements. En outre, elles ont tendance à s'intensifier lorsque la conjoncture est favorable. Ce résultat remet en question l'hypothèse du rôle prépondérant des récessions dans le processus de réallocation des activités et des ressources.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvie Lagarde & Éric Maurin & Constance Torelli, 1994. "Créations et suppressions d'emploi en France [Une étude de la période 1984-1992]," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 113(2), pages 67-88.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1994_num_113_2_5668
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1994.5668
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1994.5668
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carlos García-Serrano & Juan F. Jimeno, "undated". "Labour reallocation and labour market institutions: Evidence from Spain," Working Papers 98-07, FEDEA.
    2. Olivier Charlot, 2005. "Éducation, emploi et participation au marché du travail dans un modèle d'appariement," Recherches économiques de Louvain, De Boeck Université, vol. 71(1), pages 35-66.
    3. Sylvie Lagarde & Éric Maurin & Constance Torelli & Claude Jessua, 1996. "Flux d'emplois et flux de main-d'oeuvre en France : une étude de la période 1987-1992," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 47(3), pages 633-642.
    4. Nathalie Greenan & Dominique Guellec, 2000. "Technological Innovation and Employment Reallocation," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 14(4), pages 547-590, December.
    5. Frédéric Boccara, 1998. "Emploi : mythe des PME et réalités des groupes," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 319(1), pages 137-161.

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