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Malthus and Classical Economies : The Malthus-Ricardo Relationship

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  • Samuel Hollander

Abstract

[fre] La relation entre Malthus et Ricardo est une façon d'aborder le problème de la place de Malthus au sein de l'école classique. Je ne trouve pas qu'il y a des différences substantielles à propos de la valeur ou de la théorie de la croissance. La politique démographique de Malthus était dirigée contre l'idéologie des classes supérieures, des militaires et de l'Église, et Ricardo partageait cette position. Certes, une différence analytique majeure sous-tend l'idée de Malthus, selon laquelle l'agriculture a une productivité supérieure, comme le supposait la théorie physiocratique du surplus. Toutefois, Malthus abandonna son protectionnisme en faveur de l'agriculture, autrement toute notion d'une doctrine classique unifiée aurait été impossible. Enfin, les conceptions de Malthus à propos de la politique monétaire et fiscale, étonnamment orthodoxes, en dépit du problème de la demande agrégée, réduisent encore un peu plus l'écart entre lui et Ricardo. [eng] The problem of placing Malthus within the 'classical school' can be approached by investigating the Ricardo-Malthus relationship. I find no substantive differences on value or canonical growth theory. Malthus's population policy was directed against upper-class, military and Church ideology, a position shared with Ricardo. A major analytical difference entails Malthus's ascription to agriculture of a superior productivity reflecting Physiocratic surplus theorizing ; were it not that he abandoned his agricultural protectionism any notion of a unified 'classical' doctrine would be compromised. As for the aggregate demand problem, the divide is narrowed by Malthus's surprisingly orthodox perspective on monetary and fiscal policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel Hollander, 2001. "Malthus and Classical Economies : The Malthus-Ricardo Relationship," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 38(1), pages 11-23.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_2001_num_38_1_1306
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.2001.1306
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.2001.1306
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hollander, Samuel, 1992. "Malthus's Abandonment of Agricultural Protectionism: A Discovery in the History of Economic Thought," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(3), pages 650-659, June.
    2. Ghislain Deleplace, 1998. "Keynes et Ricardo sur la macro-économie et la monnaie," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 30(1), pages 49-84.
    3. Lord Robbins, 1970. "The Evolution of Modern Economic Theory," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-1-349-00876-6, December.
    4. Samuel Hollander, 2000. "Sraffa and the Interpretation of Ricardo: The Marxian Dimension," History of Political Economy, Duke University Press, vol. 32(2), pages 187-232, Summer.
    5. Lord Robbins, 1970. "The Evolution of Modern Economic Theory," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: The Evolution of Modern Economic Theory, chapter 1, pages 11-46, Palgrave Macmillan.
    6. Hollander, Samuel, 1998. "The Canonical Classical Growth Model: Content, Adherence and Priority," Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(3), pages 253-277, September.
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