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Valid group comparisons can be made with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): A measurement invariance study across groups by demographic characteristics

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  • David Villarreal-Zegarra
  • Anthony Copez-Lonzoy
  • Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz
  • G J Melendez-Torres
  • Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez

Abstract

Objective: Analyze the measurement invariance and the factor structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in the Peruvian population. Method: Secondary data analysis performed using cross-sectional data from the Health Questionnaire of the Demographic and Health Survey in Peru. Variables of interest were the PHQ-9 and demographic characteristics (sex, age group, level of education, socioeconomic status, marital status, and area of residence). Factor structure was evaluated by standard confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and measurement invariance by multi-group CFA, using standard goodness-of-fit indices criteria for interpreting results from both CFAs. Analysis of the internal consistency (α and ω) was also pursued. Results: Data from 30,449 study participants were analyzed, 56.7% were women, average age was 40.5 years (standard deviation (SD) = 16.3), 65.9% lived in urban areas, 74.6% were married, and had 9 years of education on average (SD = 4.6). From standard CFA, a one-dimensional model presented the best fit (CFI = 0.936; RMSEA = 0.089; SRMR = 0.039). From multi-group CFA, all progressively restricted models had ΔCFI

Suggested Citation

  • David Villarreal-Zegarra & Anthony Copez-Lonzoy & Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz & G J Melendez-Torres & Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez, 2019. "Valid group comparisons can be made with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): A measurement invariance study across groups by demographic characteristics," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0221717
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221717
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Satomi Doi & Masaya Ito & Yoshitake Takebayashi & Kumiko Muramatsu & Masaru Horikoshi, 2018. "Factorial validity and invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 among clinical and non-clinical populations," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(7), pages 1-9, July.
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    6. Boshen Jiao & Zohn Rosen & Martine Bellanger & Gary Belkin & Peter Muennig, 2017. "The cost-effectiveness of PHQ screening and collaborative care for depression in New York City," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, August.
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    1. Bancalari, Antonella & Berlinski, Samuel & Buitrago, Giancarlo & García, María Fernanda & de la Mata, Dolores & Vera-Hernandez, Marcos, 2023. "Health inequalities in Latin American and the Caribbean: child, adolescent, reproductive, metabolic syndrome and mental health," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 120559, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Nicolas Barrantes & Jhonatan Clausen, 2022. "Does Multidimensional Poverty Affect Depression? Evidence from Peru," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 22(2), pages 107-129, April.

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