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The Effect of Power Asymmetries on Cooperation and Punishment in a Prisoner’s Dilemma Game

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  • Jonathan E Bone
  • Brian Wallace
  • Redouan Bshary
  • Nichola J Raihani

Abstract

Recent work has suggested that punishment is detrimental because punishment provokes retaliation, not cooperation, resulting in lower overall payoffs. These findings may stem from the unrealistic assumption that all players are equal: in reality individuals are expected to vary in the power with which they can punish defectors. Here, we allowed strong players to interact with weak players in an iterated prisoner's dilemma game with punishment. Defecting players were most likely to switch to cooperation if the partner cooperated: adding punishment yielded no additional benefit and, under some circumstances, increased the chance that the partner would both defect and retaliate against the punisher. Our findings show that, in a two-player game, cooperation begets cooperation and that punishment does not seem to yield any additional benefits. Further work should explore whether strong punishers might prevail in multi-player games.

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  • Jonathan E Bone & Brian Wallace & Redouan Bshary & Nichola J Raihani, 2015. "The Effect of Power Asymmetries on Cooperation and Punishment in a Prisoner’s Dilemma Game," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0117183
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117183
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    3. Miriam Al Lily, 2023. "Establishing human connections: experimental evidence from the helping game," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 52(3), pages 805-832, September.
    4. Davies, Clem & Franke, Marcel & Kuang, Lida & Neumärker, Karl Justus Bernhard, 2022. "A contractarian view on homann's ethical approach: The vision of "new ordoliberalism"," The Constitutional Economics Network Working Papers 01-2022, University of Freiburg, Department of Economic Policy and Constitutional Economic Theory.
    5. Zhu, Zhewen & Dong, Yuting & Lu, Yikang & Shi, Lei, 2021. "Information exchange promotes and jeopardizes cooperation on interdependent networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 569(C).
    6. Li, Xiaopeng & Wang, Zhonglin & Xu, Yan & Zhang, Hui & Yu, Guihai, 2024. "Asymmetrical interactions driven by strategic persistence effectively alleviate social dilemmas," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    7. Jonathan E Bone & Katherine McAuliffe & Nichola J Raihani, 2016. "Exploring the Motivations for Punishment: Framing and Country-Level Effects," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(8), pages 1-14, August.
    8. Juan A Lacomba & Francisco Lagos & Javier Perote, 2017. "The Lazarillo’s game: Sharing resources with asymmetric conditions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-14, July.
    9. Jonathan E Bone & Brian Wallace & Redouan Bshary & Nichola J Raihani, 2016. "Power Asymmetries and Punishment in a Prisoner’s Dilemma with Variable Cooperative Investment," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    10. Riccardo Pansini & Marco Campennì & Lei Shi, 2020. "Segregating socioeconomic classes leads to an unequal redistribution of wealth," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, December.

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