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Costs of Organic Milk Production on U.S. Dairy Farms

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  • William D. McBride
  • Catherine Greene

Abstract

The impact of organic participation on milk production costs is evaluated using data from a nationwide survey of dairy operations. Organic dairies have estimated costs about $5 to $8 per cwt higher than conventional dairies. They also receive an average milk price premium of $6.69 per cwt in 2005. Production costs are estimated to be only $3 to $4 per cwt higher among pasture-based dairies. Results suggest that small conventional dairies may consider converting to the organic approach, but startup organic dairies are not likely unless they can enter at a much larger scale than the industry norm or can utilize pasture as a primary dairy feed source.

Suggested Citation

  • William D. McBride & Catherine Greene, 2009. "Costs of Organic Milk Production on U.S. Dairy Farms," Review of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 31(4), pages 793-813.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:revage:v:31:y:2009:i:4:p:793-813.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01467.x
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    1. James J. Heckman, 1976. "The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models," NBER Chapters, in: Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Volume 5, number 4, pages 475-492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Dimitri, Carolyn & Greene, Catherine R., 2002. "Recent Growth Patterns In The U.S. Organic Foods Market," Agricultural Information Bulletins 33715, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    3. Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge & Mishra, Ashok K. & Nehring, Richard F. & Hendricks, Chad & Southern, Malaya & Gregory, Alexandra, 2007. "Off-Farm Income, Technology Adoption, And Farm Economic Performance," Economic Research Report 7234, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jeffrey Gillespie & Richard Nehring & Isaac Sitienei, 2014. "The adoption of technologies, management practices, and production systems in U.S. milk production," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 2(1), pages 1-24, December.
    2. repec:ags:aaea22:335490 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Jonathan Walsh & Robert Parsons & Qingbin Wang & David Conner, 2020. "What Makes an Organic Dairy Farm Profitable in the United States? Evidence from 10 Years of Farm Level Data in Vermont," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Nehring, Richard F. & Gillespie, Jeffrey M. & Hallahan, Charles B. & Sauer, Johannes, 2012. "Economic Efficiency of U.S. Organic Versus Conventional Dairy Farms: Evidence from 2005 and 2010," 2012 Annual Meeting, February 4-7, 2012, Birmingham, Alabama 119769, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    5. Nehring, Richard & Gillespie, Jeffrey & Hallahan, Charles & Sauer, Johannes, 2015. "The Economics and Productivity of Organic versus Non-organic U.S. Dairy Farms," 2015 Annual Meeting, January 31-February 3, 2015, Atlanta, Georgia 196805, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    6. Richard J. Volpe & Timothy A. Park & Fengxia Dong & Helen H. Jensen, 2016. "Somatic cell counts in dairy marketing: quantile regression for count data," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 43(2), pages 331-358.
    7. Josef KRAUSE & Ondrej MACHEK, 2018. "A comparative analysis of organic and conventional farmers in the Czech Republic," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 64(1), pages 1-8.
    8. Gillespie, Jeffrey M. & Nehring, Richard F., 2012. "The Economics of Organic Versus Conventional Cow-calf Production," 2012 Annual Meeting, February 4-7, 2012, Birmingham, Alabama 119773, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    9. Syed Badruddoza & Andrea C. Carlson & Jill J. McCluskey, 2022. "Long‐term dynamics of US organic milk, eggs, and yogurt premiums," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(1), pages 45-72, January.
    10. Jeffrey Gillespie & Richard Nehring, 2013. "Comparing economic performance of organic and conventional U.S. beef farms using matching samples," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 57(2), pages 178-192, April.
    11. Nehring, Richard F. & Gillespie, Jeffrey M. & Harris, Michael & Erickson, Kenneth W., 2018. "Economic Efficiency of U.S. Organic Versus Conventional Dairy Farms: Evidence from," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 273793, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    12. Qushim, Berdikul & Gillespie, Jeffrey, 2016. "Women Farm Operators in the U.S. Meat Goat Production: Who is More Productive?," 2016 Annual Meeting, February 6-9, 2016, San Antonio, Texas 230004, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    13. Dong, Fengxia & Hennessy, David A. & Jensen, Helen H., 2013. "Size, Productivity and Exit Decisions in Dairy Farms," 2013 Annual Meeting, August 4-6, 2013, Washington, D.C. 150339, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

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