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Third-party punishment by preverbal infants

Author

Listed:
  • Yasuhiro Kanakogi

    (Osaka University)

  • Michiko Miyazaki

    (Otsuma Women’s University)

  • Hideyuki Takahashi

    (Osaka University)

  • Hiroki Yamamoto

    (Osaka University
    Kyoto University)

  • Tessei Kobayashi

    (NTT Communication Science Laboratories)

  • Kazuo Hiraki

    (The University of Tokyo)

Abstract

Third-party punishment of antisocial others is unique to humans and seems to be universal across cultures. However, its emergence in ontogeny remains unknown. We developed a participatory cognitive paradigm using gaze-contingency techniques, in which infants can use their gaze to affect agents displayed on a monitor. In this paradigm, fixation on an agent triggers the event of a stone crushing the agent. Throughout five experiments (total N = 120), we show that eight-month-old infants punished antisocial others. Specifically, infants increased their selective looks at the aggressor after watching aggressive interactions. Additionally, three control experiments excluded alternative interpretations of their selective gaze, suggesting that punishment-related decision-making influenced looking behaviour. These findings indicate that a disposition for third-party punishment of antisocial others emerges in early infancy and emphasize the importance of third-party punishment for human cooperation. This behavioural tendency may be a human trait acquired over the course of evolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Yasuhiro Kanakogi & Michiko Miyazaki & Hideyuki Takahashi & Hiroki Yamamoto & Tessei Kobayashi & Kazuo Hiraki, 2022. "Third-party punishment by preverbal infants," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 6(9), pages 1234-1242, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nathum:v:6:y:2022:i:9:d:10.1038_s41562-022-01354-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01354-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Natacha Mendes & Nikolaus Steinbeis & Nereida Bueno-Guerra & Josep Call & Tania Singer, 2018. "Author Correction: Preschool children and chimpanzees incur costs to watch punishment of antisocial others," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 2(4), pages 312-312, April.
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    3. Yasuhiro Kanakogi & Yasuyuki Inoue & Goh Matsuda & David Butler & Kazuo Hiraki & Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi, 2017. "Preverbal infants affirm third-party interventions that protect victims from aggressors," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 1(2), pages 1-7, February.
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