IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v16y2025i1d10.1038_s41467-025-55951-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Vialess heterogeneous skin patch for multimodal monitoring and stimulation

Author

Listed:
  • Hyeokjun Lee

    (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST))

  • Soojeong Song

    (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST))

  • Junwoo Yea

    (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST))

  • Jeongdae Ha

    (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST))

  • Saehyuck Oh

    (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST))

  • Janghwan Jekal

    (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST))

  • Myung Seok Hong

    (ASML Korea)

  • Chihyeong Won

    (Yonsei University)

  • Han Hee Jung

    (Hannam University)

  • Hohyun Keum

    (Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH))

  • Sangyoon Han

    (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST))

  • Jeong Ho Cho

    (Yonsei University)

  • Taeyoon Lee

    (Yonsei University)

  • Kyung-In Jang

    (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST))

Abstract

System-level wearable electronics require to be flexible to ensure conformal contact with the skin, but they also need to integrate rigid and bulky functional components to achieve system-level functionality. As one of integration methods, folding integration offers simplified processing and enhanced functionality through rigid-soft region separation, but so far, it has mainly been applied to modality of electrical sensing and stimulation. This paper introduces a vialess heterogeneous skin patch with multi modalities that separates the soft region and strain-robust region through folded structure. Our system includes electrical and optical modalities for hemodynamic and cardiovascular monitoring, and a force-electrically driven micropump for drug delivery. Each modality is demonstrated through on-demand drug delivery, flexible waveguide-based PPG monitoring, and ECG and body movement monitoring. Wireless data transmission and real-time measurement validate the feedback operation for multi-modalities. This engineered closed-loop platform offers the possibility for broad applications, including cardiovascular monitoring and chronic disease management.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyeokjun Lee & Soojeong Song & Junwoo Yea & Jeongdae Ha & Saehyuck Oh & Janghwan Jekal & Myung Seok Hong & Chihyeong Won & Han Hee Jung & Hohyun Keum & Sangyoon Han & Jeong Ho Cho & Taeyoon Lee & Kyun, 2025. "Vialess heterogeneous skin patch for multimodal monitoring and stimulation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-55951-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-55951-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-55951-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-025-55951-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Takao Someya & Zhenan Bao & George G. Malliaras, 2016. "The rise of plastic bioelectronics," Nature, Nature, vol. 540(7633), pages 379-385, December.
    2. Kyung-In Jang & Kan Li & Ha Uk Chung & Sheng Xu & Han Na Jung & Yiyuan Yang & Jean Won Kwak & Han Hee Jung & Juwon Song & Ce Yang & Ao Wang & Zhuangjian Liu & Jong Yoon Lee & Bong Hoon Kim & Jae-Hwan , 2017. "Self-assembled three dimensional network designs for soft electronics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-10, August.
    3. Joohee Kim & Minji Kim & Mi-Sun Lee & Kukjoo Kim & Sangyoon Ji & Yun-Tae Kim & Jihun Park & Kyungmin Na & Kwi-Hyun Bae & Hong Kyun Kim & Franklin Bien & Chang Young Lee & Jang-Ung Park, 2017. "Wearable smart sensor systems integrated on soft contact lenses for wireless ocular diagnostics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-8, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hengtian Zhu & Huan Yang & Siqi Xu & Yuanyuan Ma & Shugeng Zhu & Zhengyi Mao & Weiwei Chen & Zizhong Hu & Rongrong Pan & Yurui Xu & Yifeng Xiong & Ye Chen & Yanqing Lu & Xinghai Ning & Dechen Jiang & , 2024. "Frequency-encoded eye tracking smart contact lens for human–machine interaction," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Jun Li & Corey Carlos & Hao Zhou & Jiajie Sui & Yikai Wang & Zulmari Silva-Pedraza & Fan Yang & Yutao Dong & Ziyi Zhang & Timothy A. Hacker & Bo Liu & Yanchao Mao & Xudong Wang, 2023. "Stretchable piezoelectric biocrystal thin films," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Bekir Aksoy & Yufei Hao & Giulio Grasso & Krishna Manaswi Digumarti & Vito Cacucciolo & Herbert Shea, 2022. "Shielded soft force sensors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Liang Zou & Huihui Tian & Shouliang Guan & Jianfei Ding & Lei Gao & Jinfen Wang & Ying Fang, 2021. "Self-assembled multifunctional neural probes for precise integration of optogenetics and electrophysiology," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Yao Ni & Jiaqi Liu & Hong Han & Qianbo Yu & Lu Yang & Zhipeng Xu & Chengpeng Jiang & Lu Liu & Wentao Xu, 2024. "Visualized in-sensor computing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    6. Xia Zhu & Ke Wu & Xiaohang Xie & Stephan W. Anderson & Xin Zhang, 2024. "A robust near-field body area network based on coaxially-shielded textile metamaterial," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Guang Yao & Xiaoyi Mo & Shanshan Liu & Qian Wang & Maowen Xie & Wenhao Lou & Shiyan Chen & Taisong Pan & Ke Chen & Dezhong Yao & Yuan Lin, 2023. "Snowflake-inspired and blink-driven flexible piezoelectric contact lenses for effective corneal injury repair," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Weijia Liu & Zhijian Du & Zhongyi Duan & La Li & Guozhen Shen, 2024. "Neuroprosthetic contact lens enabled sensorimotor system for point-of-care monitoring and feedback of intraocular pressure," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Cheng Yang & Qianni Wu & Junqing Liu & Jingshan Mo & Xiangling Li & Chengduan Yang & Ziqi Liu & Jingbo Yang & Lelun Jiang & Weirong Chen & Hui-jiuan Chen & Ji Wang & Xi Xie, 2022. "Intelligent wireless theranostic contact lens for electrical sensing and regulation of intraocular pressure," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    10. Xiao Liu & Jingping Wu & Keke Qiao & Guohan Liu & Zhengjin Wang & Tongqing Lu & Zhigang Suo & Jian Hu, 2022. "Topoarchitected polymer networks expand the space of material properties," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    11. Vidal, João V. & Rolo, Pedro & Carneiro, Pedro M.R. & Peres, Inês & Kholkin, Andrei L. & Soares dos Santos, Marco P., 2022. "Automated electromagnetic generator with self-adaptive structure by coil switching," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    12. Jinyuan Zhang & Kyunghun Kim & Ho Joong Kim & Dawn Meyer & Woohyun Park & Seul Ah Lee & Yumin Dai & Bongjoong Kim & Haesoo Moon & Jay V. Shah & Keely E. Harris & Brett Collar & Kangying Liu & Pedro Ir, 2022. "Smart soft contact lenses for continuous 24-hour monitoring of intraocular pressure in glaucoma care," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    13. Donghwan Ji & Jae Min Park & Myeong Seon Oh & Thanh Loc Nguyen & Hyunsu Shin & Jae Seong Kim & Dukjoon Kim & Ho Seok Park & Jaeyun Kim, 2022. "Superstrong, superstiff, and conductive alginate hydrogels," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    14. Yuzhong Hu & Kaushik Parida & Hao Zhang & Xin Wang & Yongxin Li & Xinran Zhou & Samuel Alexander Morris & Weng Heng Liew & Haomin Wang & Tao Li & Feng Jiang & Mingmin Yang & Marin Alexe & Zehui Du & C, 2022. "Bond engineering of molecular ferroelectrics renders soft and high-performance piezoelectric energy harvesting materials," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    15. Sakeena Saifi & Xiao Xiao & Simin Cheng & Haotian Guo & Jinsheng Zhang & Peter Müller-Buschbaum & Guangmin Zhou & Xiaomin Xu & Hui-Ming Cheng, 2024. "An ultraflexible energy harvesting-storage system for wearable applications," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    16. Peng Tan & Haifei Wang & Furui Xiao & Xi Lu & Wenhui Shang & Xiaobo Deng & Huafeng Song & Ziyao Xu & Junfeng Cao & Tiansheng Gan & Ben Wang & Xuechang Zhou, 2022. "Solution-processable, soft, self-adhesive, and conductive polymer composites for soft electronics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    17. Chunpeng Jiang & Wenqiang Xu & Yutong Li & Zhenjun Yu & Longchun Wang & Xiaotong Hu & Zhengyi Xie & Qingkun Liu & Bin Yang & Xiaolin Wang & Wenxin Du & Tutian Tang & Dongzhe Zheng & Siqiong Yao & Cewu, 2024. "Capturing forceful interaction with deformable objects using a deep learning-powered stretchable tactile array," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    18. Junhee Hong & Youngjin Seol & Seunghyun Lee & Janghyeok Yoon & Jiho Lee & Ki-Su Park & Ji-Wan Ha, 2024. "Prediction of Cognitive Impairment Using Sleep Lifelog Data and LSTM Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-18, October.
    19. Tae Yeon Kim & Jee Won Mok & Sang Hoon Hong & Sang Hoon Jeong & Hyunsik Choi & Sangbaie Shin & Choun-Ki Joo & Sei Kwang Hahn, 2022. "Wireless theranostic smart contact lens for monitoring and control of intraocular pressure in glaucoma," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    20. Rui Xu & Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez & Oleksandr V. Pylypovskyi & Oleksii M. Volkov & Eduardo Sergio Oliveros Mata & Yevhen Zabila & Rico Illing & Pavlo Makushko & Pavel Milkin & Leonid Ionov & Jü, 2022. "Self-healable printed magnetic field sensors using alternating magnetic fields," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-55951-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.