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Integrated microcavity electric field sensors using Pound-Drever-Hall detection

Author

Listed:
  • Xinyu Ma

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Zhaoyu Cai

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Chijie Zhuang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Xiangdong Liu

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Zhecheng Zhang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Kewei Liu

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Bo Cao

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Jinliang He

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Changxi Yang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Chengying Bao

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Rong Zeng

    (Tsinghua University)

Abstract

Discerning weak electric fields has important implications for cosmology, quantum technology, and identifying power system failures. Photonic integration of electric field sensors is highly desired for practical considerations and offers opportunities to improve performance by enhancing microwave and lightwave interactions. Here, we demonstrate a high-Q microcavity electric field sensor (MEFS) by leveraging the silicon chip-based thin film lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits. Using the Pound-Drever-Hall detection scheme, our MEFS achieves a detection sensitivity of 5.2 μV/(m $$\sqrt{{{{{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}}}}}$$ Hz ), which surpasses previous lithium niobate electro-optical electric field sensors by nearly two orders of magnitude, and is comparable to atom-based quantum sensing approaches. Furthermore, our MEFS has a bandwidth that can be up to three orders of magnitude broader than quantum sensing approaches and measures fast electric field amplitude and phase variations in real-time. The ultra-sensitive MEFSs represent a significant step towards building electric field sensing networks and broaden the application spectrum of integrated microcavities.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinyu Ma & Zhaoyu Cai & Chijie Zhuang & Xiangdong Liu & Zhecheng Zhang & Kewei Liu & Bo Cao & Jinliang He & Changxi Yang & Chengying Bao & Rong Zeng, 2024. "Integrated microcavity electric field sensors using Pound-Drever-Hall detection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45699-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45699-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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