IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v15y2024i1d10.1038_s41467-024-45953-1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Persistence in risk and effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long-term health consequences after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Listed:
  • Ivan Chun Hang Lam

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Ran Zhang

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Kenneth Keng Cheung Man

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)
    University College London
    University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Carlos King Ho Wong

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Celine Sze Ling Chui

    (Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)
    The University of Hong Kong SAR
    The University of Hong Kong
    Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited)

  • Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)
    Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited)

  • Xue Li

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)
    Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Esther Wai Yin Chan

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)
    The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital
    The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation)

  • Chak Sing Lau

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Ian Chi Kei Wong

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)
    Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited
    Aston University)

  • Eric Yuk Fai Wan

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)
    Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited)

Abstract

The persisting risk of long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the protection against such risk conferred by COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. Here we conducted a retrospective territory-wide cohort study on 1,175,277 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection stratified by their vaccination status and non-infected controls to evaluate the risk of clinical sequelae, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality using a territory-wide public healthcare database with population-based vaccination records in Hong Kong. A progressive reduction in risk of all-cause mortality was observed over one year between patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls. Patients with complete vaccination or have received booster dose incurred a lower risk of health consequences including major cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality than unvaccinated or patients with incomplete vaccination 30-90 days after infection. Completely vaccinated and patients with booster dose of vaccines did not incur significant higher risk of health consequences from 271 and 91 days of infection onwards, respectively, whilst un-vaccinated and incompletely vaccinated patients continued to incur a greater risk of clinical sequelae for up to a year following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provided real-world evidence supporting the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the risk of long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its persistence following infection.

Suggested Citation

  • Ivan Chun Hang Lam & Ran Zhang & Kenneth Keng Cheung Man & Carlos King Ho Wong & Celine Sze Ling Chui & Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai & Xue Li & Esther Wai Yin Chan & Chak Sing Lau & Ian Chi Kei Wong & Eric , 2024. "Persistence in risk and effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long-term health consequences after SARS-CoV-2 infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45953-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45953-1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45953-1
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-024-45953-1?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Claire E. Hastie & David J. Lowe & Andrew McAuley & Nicholas L. Mills & Andrew J. Winter & Corri Black & Janet T. Scott & Catherine A. O’Donnell & David N. Blane & Susan Browne & Tracy R. Ibbotson & J, 2023. "Natural history of long-COVID in a nationwide, population cohort study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Ziyad Al-Aly & Yan Xie & Benjamin Bowe, 2021. "High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19," Nature, Nature, vol. 594(7862), pages 259-264, June.
    3. Ruopeng Xie & Kimberly M. Edwards & Dillon C. Adam & Kathy S. M. Leung & Tim K. Tsang & Shreya Gurung & Weijia Xiong & Xiaoman Wei & Daisy Y. M. Ng & Gigi Y. Z. Liu & Pavithra Krishnan & Lydia D. J. C, 2023. "Resurgence of Omicron BA.2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive Hong Kong," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Yan Xie & Benjamin Bowe & Ziyad Al-Aly, 2021. "Burdens of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 by severity of acute infection, demographics and health status," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Evan Xu & Yan Xie & Ziyad Al-Aly, 2023. "Long-term gastrointestinal outcomes of COVID-19," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Chengxi Zang & Yongkang Zhang & Jie Xu & Jiang Bian & Dmitry Morozyuk & Edward J. Schenck & Dhruv Khullar & Anna S. Nordvig & Elizabeth A. Shenkman & Russell L. Rothman & Jason P. Block & Kristin Lyma, 2023. "Data-driven analysis to understand long COVID using electronic health records from the RECOVER initiative," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves & Julia Timis & Robyn Miller & Kristen Valentine & Paolla Beatriz Almeida Pinto & Andrew Gonzalez & Jose Angel Regla-Nava & Erin Maule & Michael N. Nguyen & Norazizah Sh, 2024. "Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4+ T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 in HLA transgenic mice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Ainur T. Tauekelova & Zhanar Kalila & Akerke Bakhtiyar & Zarina Sautbayeva & Polina Len & Aliya Sailybayeva & Sadyk Khamitov & Nazira Kadroldinova & Natasha S. Barteneva & Makhabbat S. Bekbossynova, 2023. "Association of Lung Fibrotic Changes and Cardiological Dysfunction with Comorbidities in Long COVID-19 Cohort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-18, January.
    5. Vanessa Bertuzzi & Michelle Semonella & Gianluca Castelnuovo & Gerhard Andersson & Giada Pietrabissa, 2022. "Synthesizing Stakeholders Perspectives on Online Psychological Interventions to Improve the Mental Health of the Italian Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Survey Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-13, June.
    6. Michal Matuszewski & Yurii Reznikov & Michal Pruc & Frank W. Peacock & Alla Navolokina & Raúl Júarez-Vela & Lukasz Jankowski & Zubaid Rafique & Lukasz Szarpak, 2022. "Prognostic Performance of Cystatin C in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-10, November.
    7. Fu, Hongqiao & Cheng, Terence C. & Zhan, Jiajia & Xu, Duo & Yip, Winnie, 2024. "Dynamic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the demand for telemedicine services: Evidence from China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 531-557.
    8. Tianchu Lyu & Nicole Hair & Nicholas Yell & Zhenlong Li & Shan Qiao & Chen Liang & Xiaoming Li, 2021. "Temporal Geospatial Analysis of COVID-19 Pre-Infection Determinants of Risk in South Carolina," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-18, September.
    9. Yan Xie & Benjamin Bowe & Ziyad Al-Aly, 2021. "Burdens of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 by severity of acute infection, demographics and health status," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    10. Carlos M. Pérez-Lara & Doris D. Lara-Malca & Luz A. Baltodano-Nontol & Jessica E. Vicuña-Villacorta & Liliana M. Haro-León & Julio A. Rodríguez-Azabache, 2024. "Advances in Studies on Psychological Symptoms in Patients Surviving Covid-19: A Bibliometric Analysis," Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Richtmann Publishing Ltd, vol. 13, January.
    11. Wangzi Xu & Yu Cao & Lin Wu, 2023. "No Causal Effects Detected in COVID-19 and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Two Sample Mendelian Randomization Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-13, January.
    12. Alicja Mińko & Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska & Aleksandra Rył & Natalia Tomska & Zuzanna Bereda & Iwona Rotter, 2022. "Searching for Factors Influencing the Severity of the Symptoms of Long COVID," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-11, June.
    13. Figueiredo, Bernardo & Sheahan, Jacob & Luo, Shiqi & Bird, Stephen & Wong Lit Wan, Dawn & Xenos, Sophia & Itsiopoulos, Catherine & Jessup, Rebecca & Zheng, Zhen, 2024. "Journey mapping long COVID: Agency and social support for long-hauling," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    14. Yunhe Wang & Binbin Su & Marta Alcalde-Herraiz & Nicola L. Barclay & Yaohua Tian & Chunxiao Li & Nicholas J. Wareham & Roger Paredes & Junqing Xie & Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, 2024. "Modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of post-COVID-19 multisystem sequelae, hospitalization, and death," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    15. Igor Costa de Lima & Daniel Carvalho de Menezes & Juliana Hiromi Emin Uesugi & Cléa Nazaré Carneiro Bichara & Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos & Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma & Luiz Fábio Magno Fa, 2023. "Liver Function in Patients with Long-Term Coronavirus Disease 2019 of up to 20 Months: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-11, March.
    16. André Santa Cruz & Ana Mendes-Frias & Marne Azarias-da-Silva & Sónia André & Ana Isabel Oliveira & Olga Pires & Marta Mendes & Bárbara Oliveira & Marta Braga & Joana Rita Lopes & Rui Domingues & Ricar, 2023. "Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 is characterized by diminished peripheral CD8+β7 integrin+ T cells and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA response," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    17. Stelson, Elisabeth A. & Dash, Devanshi & McCorkell, Lisa & Wilson, Cali & Assaf, Gina & Re'em, Yochai & Wei, Hannah, 2023. "Return-to-work with long COVID: An Episodic Disability and Total Worker Health® analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 338(C).
    18. Chansavath Phetsouphanh & Brendan Jacka & Sara Ballouz & Katherine J. L. Jackson & Daniel B. Wilson & Bikash Manandhar & Vera Klemm & Hyon-Xhi Tan & Adam Wheatley & Anupriya Aggarwal & Anouschka Akerm, 2024. "Improvement of immune dysregulation in individuals with long COVID at 24-months following SARS-CoV-2 infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    19. Aarthi Talla & Suhas V. Vasaikar & Gregory Lee Szeto & Maria P. Lemos & Julie L. Czartoski & Hugh MacMillan & Zoe Moodie & Kristen W. Cohen & Lamar B. Fleming & Zachary Thomson & Lauren Okada & Lynne , 2023. "Persistent serum protein signatures define an inflammatory subcategory of long COVID," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    20. Michael A. Horberg & Eric Watson & Mamta Bhatia & Celeena Jefferson & Julia M. Certa & Seohyun Kim & Lily Fathi & Keri N. Althoff & Carolyn Williams & Richard Moore, 2022. "Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 with clinical condition definitions and comparison in a matched cohort," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45953-1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.