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Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet

Author

Listed:
  • Francesco L. Ruta

    (Columbia University
    Columbia University)

  • Shuai Zhang

    (Columbia University)

  • Yinming Shao

    (Columbia University)

  • Samuel L. Moore

    (Columbia University)

  • Swagata Acharya

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Zhiyuan Sun

    (Columbia University)

  • Siyuan Qiu

    (Columbia University)

  • Johannes Geurs

    (Columbia University
    Columbia University)

  • Brian S. Y. Kim

    (Columbia University
    Columbia University)

  • Matthew Fu

    (Columbia University)

  • Daniel G. Chica

    (Columbia University)

  • Dimitar Pashov

    (King’s College London)

  • Xiaodong Xu

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Di Xiao

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Milan Delor

    (Columbia University)

  • X-Y. Zhu

    (Columbia University)

  • Andrew J. Millis

    (Columbia University
    Flatiron Institute)

  • Xavier Roy

    (Columbia University)

  • James C. Hone

    (Columbia University)

  • Cory R. Dean

    (Columbia University)

  • Mikhail I. Katsnelson

    (Radboud University)

  • Mark Schilfgaarde

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • D. N. Basov

    (Columbia University)

Abstract

Exciton polaritons are quasiparticles of photons coupled strongly to bound electron-hole pairs, manifesting as an anti-crossing light dispersion near an exciton resonance. Highly anisotropic semiconductors with opposite-signed permittivities along different crystal axes are predicted to host exotic modes inside the anti-crossing called hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs), which confine light subdiffractionally with enhanced density of states. Here, we show observational evidence of steady-state HEPs in the van der Waals magnet chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr) using a cryogenic near-infrared near-field microscope. At low temperatures, in the magnetically-ordered state, anisotropic exciton resonances sharpen, driving the permittivity negative along one crystal axis and enabling HEP propagation. We characterize HEP momentum and losses in CrSBr, also demonstrating coupling to excitonic sidebands and enhancement by magnetic order: which boosts exciton spectral weight via wavefunction delocalization. Our findings open new pathways to nanoscale manipulation of excitons and light, including routes to magnetic, nonlocal, and quantum polaritonics.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco L. Ruta & Shuai Zhang & Yinming Shao & Samuel L. Moore & Swagata Acharya & Zhiyuan Sun & Siyuan Qiu & Johannes Geurs & Brian S. Y. Kim & Matthew Fu & Daniel G. Chica & Dimitar Pashov & Xiaod, 2023. "Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-44100-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44100-6
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    1. Giacomo Venturi & Andrea Mancini & Nicola Melchioni & Stefano Chiodini & Antonio Ambrosio, 2024. "Visible-frequency hyperbolic plasmon polaritons in a natural van der Waals crystal," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.

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