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Vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 requires IFN-γ-driven cellular immune response

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaolei Wang

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital)

  • Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Ying Dou

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Jingchu Hu

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Renhao Li

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Zheng Zeng

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Xuansheng Lin

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Huarui Gong

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Celia Hoi-Ching Chan

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Chaemin Yoon

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Huiping Shuai

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Deborah Tip-Yin Ho

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital)

  • Bao-Zhong Zhang

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Hin Chu

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital
    The University of Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Science and Technology Park)

  • Jian-Dong Huang

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Sun Yat-Sen University
    The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital)

Abstract

The overall success of worldwide mass vaccination in limiting the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemics is inevitable, however, recent SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, especially Omicron and its sub-lineages, efficiently evade humoral immunity mounted upon vaccination or previous infection. Thus, it is an important question whether these variants, or vaccines against them, induce anti-viral cellular immunity. Here we show that the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 induces robust protective immunity in K18-hACE2 transgenic B-cell deficient (μMT) mice. We further demonstrate that the protection is attributed to cellular immunity depending on robust IFN-γ production. Viral challenge with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.5.2 sub-variants induce boosted cellular responses in vaccinated μMT mice, which highlights the significance of cellular immunity against the ever-emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants evading antibody-mediated immunity. Our work, by providing evidence that BNT162b2 can induce significant protective immunity in mice that are unable to produce antibodies, thus highlights the importance of cellular immunity in the protection against SARS-CoV-2.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaolei Wang & Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen & Ying Dou & Jingchu Hu & Renhao Li & Zheng Zeng & Xuansheng Lin & Huarui Gong & Celia Hoi-Ching Chan & Chaemin Yoon & Huiping Shuai & Deborah Tip-Yin Ho & Ivan Fa, 2023. "Vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 requires IFN-γ-driven cellular immune response," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-39096-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39096-y
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