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Vaccines elicit highly conserved cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron

Author

Listed:
  • Jinyan Liu

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Abishek Chandrashekar

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Daniel Sellers

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Julia Barrett

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Catherine Jacob-Dolan

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
    Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard)

  • Michelle Lifton

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Katherine McMahan

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Michaela Sciacca

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Haley VanWyk

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Cindy Wu

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Jingyou Yu

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Ai-ris Y. Collier

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Dan H. Barouch

    (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
    Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard)

Abstract

The highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has been shown to evade a substantial fraction of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by current vaccines that encode the WA1/2020 spike protein1. Cellular immune responses, particularly CD8+ T cell responses, probably contribute to protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection2–6. Here we show that cellular immunity induced by current vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is highly conserved to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein. Individuals who received the Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccines demonstrated durable spike-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses, which showed extensive cross-reactivity against both the Delta and the Omicron variants, including in central and effector memory cellular subpopulations. Median Omicron spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses were 82–84% of the WA1/2020 spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses. These data provide immunological context for the observation that current vaccines still show robust protection against severe disease with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant despite the substantially reduced neutralizing antibody responses7,8.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinyan Liu & Abishek Chandrashekar & Daniel Sellers & Julia Barrett & Catherine Jacob-Dolan & Michelle Lifton & Katherine McMahan & Michaela Sciacca & Haley VanWyk & Cindy Wu & Jingyou Yu & Ai-ris Y. , 2022. "Vaccines elicit highly conserved cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron," Nature, Nature, vol. 603(7901), pages 493-496, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:603:y:2022:i:7901:d:10.1038_s41586-022-04465-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04465-y
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    Cited by:

    1. Shufeng Liu & Charles B. Stauft & Prabhuanand Selvaraj & Prabha Chandrasekaran & Felice D’Agnillo & Chao-Kai Chou & Wells W. Wu & Christopher Z. Lien & Clement A. Meseda & Cyntia L. Pedro & Matthew F., 2022. "Intranasal delivery of a rationally attenuated SARS-CoV-2 is immunogenic and protective in Syrian hamsters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Jaime S. Rosa Duque & Xiwei Wang & Daniel Leung & Samuel M. S. Cheng & Carolyn A. Cohen & Xiaofeng Mu & Asmaa Hachim & Yanmei Zhang & Sau Man Chan & Sara Chaothai & Kelvin K. H. Kwan & Karl C. K. Chan, 2022. "Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in healthy adolescents," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Zuo, Chao & Ling, Yuting & Zhu, Fenping & Ma, Xinyu & Xiang, Guochun, 2023. "Exploring epidemic voluntary vaccinating behavior based on information-driven decisions and benefit-cost analysis," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 447(C).
    4. Laurent Renia & Yun Shan Goh & Angeline Rouers & Nina Bert & Wan Ni Chia & Jean-Marc Chavatte & Siew‐Wai Fong & Zi Wei Chang & Nicole Ziyi Zhuo & Matthew Zirui Tay & Yi-Hao Chan & Chee Wah Tan & Nicho, 2022. "Lower vaccine-acquired immunity in the elderly population following two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination is alleviated by a third vaccine dose," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    5. Wanbo Tai & Shengyong Feng & Benjie Chai & Shuaiyao Lu & Guangyu Zhao & Dong Chen & Wenhai Yu & Liting Ren & Huicheng Shi & Jing Lu & Zhuming Cai & Mujia Pang & Xu Tan & Penghua Wang & Jinzhong Lin & , 2023. "An mRNA-based T-cell-inducing antigen strengthens COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Nozomi Kuse & Yu Zhang & Takayuki Chikata & Hung The Nguyen & Shinichi Oka & Hiroyuki Gatanaga & Masafumi Takiguchi, 2022. "Long-term memory CD8+ T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 in individuals who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    7. Hassen Kared & Asia-Sophia Wolf & Amin Alirezaylavasani & Anthony Ravussin & Guri Solum & Trung The Tran & Fridtjof Lund-Johansen & John Torgils Vaage & Lise Sofie Nissen-Meyer & Unni C. Nygaard & Ola, 2022. "Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    8. Xiaolei Wang & Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen & Ying Dou & Jingchu Hu & Renhao Li & Zheng Zeng & Xuansheng Lin & Huarui Gong & Celia Hoi-Ching Chan & Chaemin Yoon & Huiping Shuai & Deborah Tip-Yin Ho & Ivan Fa, 2023. "Vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 requires IFN-γ-driven cellular immune response," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    9. Robert W. Aldridge & Alexei Yavlinsky & Vincent Nguyen & Max T. Eyre & Madhumita Shrotri & Annalan M. D. Navaratnam & Sarah Beale & Isobel Braithwaite & Thomas Byrne & Jana Kovar & Ellen Fragaszy & Wi, 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and breakthrough infections in the Virus Watch cohort," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    10. Jernej Pušnik & Jasmin Zorn & Werner O. Monzon-Posadas & Kathrin Peters & Emmanuil Osypchuk & Sabine Blaschke & Hendrik Streeck, 2024. "Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.

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