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Omicron BA.4/BA.5 escape neutralizing immunity elicited by BA.1 infection

Author

Listed:
  • Khadija Khan

    (Africa Health Research Institute
    University of KwaZulu-Natal)

  • Farina Karim

    (Africa Health Research Institute
    University of KwaZulu-Natal)

  • Yashica Ganga

    (Africa Health Research Institute)

  • Mallory Bernstein

    (Africa Health Research Institute)

  • Zesuliwe Jule

    (Africa Health Research Institute)

  • Kajal Reedoy

    (Africa Health Research Institute)

  • Sandile Cele

    (Africa Health Research Institute
    University of KwaZulu-Natal)

  • Gila Lustig

    (Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa)

  • Daniel Amoako

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    University of KwaZulu-Natal)

  • Nicole Wolter

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Natasha Samsunder

    (Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa)

  • Aida Sivro

    (Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
    University of KwaZulu-Natal)

  • James Emmanuel San

    (KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform)

  • Jennifer Giandhari

    (KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform)

  • Houriiyah Tegally

    (KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform
    Stellenbosch University)

  • Sureshnee Pillay

    (KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform)

  • Yeshnee Naidoo

    (KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform)

  • Matilda Mazibuko

    (Africa Health Research Institute)

  • Yoliswa Miya

    (Africa Health Research Institute)

  • Nokuthula Ngcobo

    (Africa Health Research Institute)

  • Nithendra Manickchund

    (University of KwaZulu-Natal)

  • Nombulelo Magula

    (University of Kwa-Zulu Natal)

  • Quarraisha Abdool Karim

    (Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
    Columbia University)

  • Anne Gottberg

    (National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
    University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Salim S. Abdool Karim

    (Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
    Columbia University)

  • Willem Hanekom

    (Africa Health Research Institute
    University College London)

  • Bernadett I. Gosnell

    (University of KwaZulu-Natal)

  • Richard J. Lessells

    (KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform)

  • Tulio Oliveira

    (KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform
    Stellenbosch University
    University of Washington)

  • Mahomed-Yunus S. Moosa

    (University of KwaZulu-Natal)

  • Alex Sigal

    (Africa Health Research Institute
    University of KwaZulu-Natal
    Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
    Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology)

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) BA.4 and BA.5 sub-lineages, first detected in South Africa, have changes relative to Omicron BA.1 including substitutions in the spike receptor binding domain. Here we isolated live BA.4 and BA.5 viruses and measured BA.4/BA.5 neutralization elicited by BA.1 infection either in the absence or presence of previous vaccination as well as from vaccination without BA.1 infection. In BA.1-infected unvaccinated individuals, neutralization relative to BA.1 declines 7.6-fold for BA.4 and 7.5-fold for BA.5. In vaccinated individuals with subsequent BA.1 infection, neutralization relative to BA.1 decreases 3.2-fold for BA.4 and 2.6-fold for BA.5. The fold-drop versus ancestral virus neutralization in this group is 4.0-fold for BA.1, 12.9-fold for BA.4, and 10.3-fold for BA.5. In contrast, BA.4/BA.5 escape is similar to BA.1 in the absence of BA.1 elicited immunity: fold-drop relative to ancestral virus neutralization is 19.8-fold for BA.1, 19.6-fold for BA.4, and 20.9-fold for BA.5. These results show considerable escape of BA.4/BA.5 from BA.1 elicited immunity which is moderated with vaccination and may indicate that BA.4/BA.5 may have the strongest selective advantage in evading neutralization relative to BA.1 in unvaccinated, BA.1 infected individuals.

Suggested Citation

  • Khadija Khan & Farina Karim & Yashica Ganga & Mallory Bernstein & Zesuliwe Jule & Kajal Reedoy & Sandile Cele & Gila Lustig & Daniel Amoako & Nicole Wolter & Natasha Samsunder & Aida Sivro & James Emm, 2022. "Omicron BA.4/BA.5 escape neutralizing immunity elicited by BA.1 infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-32396-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32396-9
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    1. Jordan Douglas & David Winter & Andrea McNeill & Sam Carr & Michael Bunce & Nigel French & James Hadfield & Joep Ligt & David Welch & Jemma L. Geoghegan, 2022. "Tracing the international arrivals of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants after Aotearoa New Zealand reopened its border," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Yu Guo & Guangshun Zhang & Qi Yang & Xiaowei Xie & Yang Lu & Xuelian Cheng & Hui Wang & Jingxi Liang & Jielin Tang & Yuxin Gao & Hang Shang & Jun Dai & Yongxia Shi & Jiaxi Zhou & Jun Zhou & Hangtian G, 2023. "Discovery and characterization of potent pan-variant SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies from individuals with Omicron breakthrough infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Khadija Khan & Gila Lustig & Cornelius Römer & Kajal Reedoy & Zesuliwe Jule & Farina Karim & Yashica Ganga & Mallory Bernstein & Zainab Baig & Laurelle Jackson & Boitshoko Mahlangu & Anele Mnguni & Ay, 2023. "Evolution and neutralization escape of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 subvariant," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Magen E. Francis & Ethan B. Jansen & Anthony Yourkowski & Alaa Selim & Cynthia L. Swan & Brian K. MacPhee & Brittany Thivierge & Rachelle Buchanan & Kerry J. Lavender & Joseph Darbellay & Matthew B. R, 2023. "Previous infection with seasonal coronaviruses does not protect male Syrian hamsters from challenge with SARS-CoV-2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-21, December.
    5. Julia M. Adler & Ricardo Martin Vidal & Christine Langner & Daria Vladimirova & Azza Abdelgawad & Daniela Kunecova & Xiaoyuan Lin & Geraldine Nouailles & Anne Voss & Sandra Kunder & Achim D. Gruber & , 2024. "An intranasal live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine limits virus transmission," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    6. Bo Zhang & Youyi Fong & Jonathan Fintzi & Eric Chu & Holly E. Janes & Avi Kenny & Marco Carone & David Benkeser & Lars W. P. Laan & Weiping Deng & Honghong Zhou & Xiaowei Wang & Yiwen Lu & Chenchen Yu, 2024. "Omicron COVID-19 immune correlates analysis of a third dose of mRNA-1273 in the COVE trial," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Annika Rössler & Antonia Netzl & Ludwig Knabl & David Bante & Samuel H. Wilks & Wegene Borena & Dorothee Laer & Derek J. Smith & Janine Kimpel, 2023. "Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profiles after bivalent boosting using antigenic cartography," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    8. Felix Dewald & Martin Pirkl & Martha Paluschinski & Joachim Kühn & Carina Elsner & Bianca Schulte & Jacqueline Knüfer & Elvin Ahmadov & Maike Schlotz & Göksu Oral & Michael Bernhard & Mark Michael & M, 2023. "Impaired humoral immunity to BQ.1.1 in convalescent and vaccinated patients," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
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