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Strong second-harmonic generation by sublattice polarization in non-uniformly strained monolayer graphene

Author

Listed:
  • Kunze Lu

    (Nanyang Technological University)

  • Manlin Luo

    (Nanyang Technological University)

  • Weibo Gao

    (Nanyang Technological University)

  • Qi Jie Wang

    (Nanyang Technological University
    Nanyang Technological University)

  • Hao Sun

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Donguk Nam

    (Nanyang Technological University)

Abstract

Despite the potential of graphene for building a variety of quantum photonic devices, its centrosymmetric nature forbids the observation of second harmonic generation (SHG) for developing second-order nonlinear devices. To activate SHG in graphene, extensive research efforts have been directed towards disrupting graphene’s inversion symmetry using external stimuli like electric fields. However, these methods fail to engineer graphene’s lattice symmetry, which is the root cause of the forbidden SHG. Here, we harness strain engineering to directly manipulate graphene’s lattice arrangement and induce sublattice polarization to activate SHG. Surprisingly, the SHG signal is boosted 50-fold at low temperatures, which can be explained by resonant transitions between strain-induced pseudo-Landau levels. The second-order susceptibility of strained graphene is found to be larger than that of hexagonal boron nitride with intrinsic broken inversion symmetry. Our demonstration of strong SHG in strained graphene offers promising possibilities for developing high-efficiency nonlinear devices for integrated quantum circuits.

Suggested Citation

  • Kunze Lu & Manlin Luo & Weibo Gao & Qi Jie Wang & Hao Sun & Donguk Nam, 2023. "Strong second-harmonic generation by sublattice polarization in non-uniformly strained monolayer graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38344-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38344-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Z. F. Wu & P. Z. Sun & O. J. Wahab & Y. T. Tan & D. Barry & D. Periyanagounder & P. B. Pillai & Q. Dai & W. Q. Xiong & L. F. Vega & K. Lulla & S. J. Yuan & R. R. Nair & E. Daviddi & P. R. Unwin & A. K, 2023. "Proton and molecular permeation through the basal plane of monolayer graphene oxide," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.

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