IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v14y2023i1d10.1038_s41467-023-38246-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Integrated quantum optical phase sensor in thin film lithium niobate

Author

Listed:
  • Hubert S. Stokowski

    (Stanford University)

  • Timothy P. McKenna

    (NTT Research, Inc.)

  • Taewon Park

    (Stanford University
    Stanford University)

  • Alexander Y. Hwang

    (Stanford University)

  • Devin J. Dean

    (Stanford University)

  • Oguz Tolga Celik

    (Stanford University
    Stanford University)

  • Vahid Ansari

    (Stanford University)

  • Martin M. Fejer

    (Stanford University)

  • Amir H. Safavi-Naeini

    (Stanford University)

Abstract

The quantum noise of light, attributed to the random arrival time of photons from a coherent light source, fundamentally limits optical phase sensors. An engineered source of squeezed states suppresses this noise and allows phase detection sensitivity beyond the quantum noise limit (QNL). We need ways to use quantum light within deployable quantum sensors. Here we present a photonic integrated circuit in thin-film lithium niobate that meets these requirements. We use the second-order nonlinearity to produce a squeezed state at the same frequency as the pump light and realize circuit control and sensing with electro-optics. Using 26.2 milliwatts of optical power, we measure (2.7 ± 0.2)% squeezing and apply it to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of phase measurement. We anticipate that photonic systems like this, which operate with low power and integrate all of the needed functionality on a single die, will open new opportunities for quantum optical sensing.

Suggested Citation

  • Hubert S. Stokowski & Timothy P. McKenna & Taewon Park & Alexander Y. Hwang & Devin J. Dean & Oguz Tolga Celik & Vahid Ansari & Martin M. Fejer & Amir H. Safavi-Naeini, 2023. "Integrated quantum optical phase sensor in thin film lithium niobate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38246-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38246-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38246-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-023-38246-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mian Zhang & Brandon Buscaino & Cheng Wang & Amirhassan Shams-Ansari & Christian Reimer & Rongrong Zhu & Joseph M. Kahn & Marko Lončar, 2019. "Broadband electro-optic frequency comb generation in a lithium niobate microring resonator," Nature, Nature, vol. 568(7752), pages 373-377, April.
    2. Catxere A. Casacio & Lars S. Madsen & Alex Terrasson & Muhammad Waleed & Kai Barnscheidt & Boris Hage & Michael A. Taylor & Warwick P. Bowen, 2021. "Quantum-enhanced nonlinear microscopy," Nature, Nature, vol. 594(7862), pages 201-206, June.
    3. Mingxiao Li & Lin Chang & Lue Wu & Jeremy Staffa & Jingwei Ling & Usman A. Javid & Shixin Xue & Yang He & Raymond Lopez-rios & Theodore J. Morin & Heming Wang & Boqiang Shen & Siwei Zeng & Lin Zhu & K, 2022. "Integrated Pockels laser," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Timothy P. McKenna & Hubert S. Stokowski & Vahid Ansari & Jatadhari Mishra & Marc Jankowski & Christopher J. Sarabalis & Jason F. Herrmann & Carsten Langrock & Martin M. Fejer & Amir H. Safavi-Naeini, 2022. "Ultra-low-power second-order nonlinear optics on a chip," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Catxere A. Casacio & Lars S. Madsen & Alex Terrasson & Muhammad Waleed & Kai Barnscheidt & Boris Hage & Michael A. Taylor & Warwick P. Bowen, 2021. "Author Correction: Quantum-enhanced nonlinear microscopy," Nature, Nature, vol. 596(7873), pages 12-12, August.
    6. Cheng Wang & Mian Zhang & Xi Chen & Maxime Bertrand & Amirhassan Shams-Ansari & Sethumadhavan Chandrasekhar & Peter Winzer & Marko Lončar, 2018. "Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators operating at CMOS-compatible voltages," Nature, Nature, vol. 562(7725), pages 101-104, October.
    7. Amir H. Safavi-Naeini & Simon Gröblacher & Jeff T. Hill & Jasper Chan & Markus Aspelmeyer & Oskar Painter, 2013. "Squeezed light from a silicon micromechanical resonator," Nature, Nature, vol. 500(7461), pages 185-189, August.
    8. Y. Zhang & M. Menotti & K. Tan & V. D. Vaidya & D. H. Mahler & L. G. Helt & L. Zatti & M. Liscidini & B. Morrison & Z. Vernon, 2021. "Squeezed light from a nanophotonic molecule," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-6, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jingwei Ling & Zhengdong Gao & Shixin Xue & Qili Hu & Mingxiao Li & Kaibo Zhang & Usman A. Javid & Raymond Lopez-Rios & Jeremy Staffa & Qiang Lin, 2024. "Electrically empowered microcomb laser," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Zihan Li & Rui Ning Wang & Grigory Lihachev & Junyin Zhang & Zelin Tan & Mikhail Churaev & Nikolai Kuznetsov & Anat Siddharth & Mohammad J. Bereyhi & Johann Riemensberger & Tobias J. Kippenberg, 2023. "High density lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Timothy P. McKenna & Hubert S. Stokowski & Vahid Ansari & Jatadhari Mishra & Marc Jankowski & Christopher J. Sarabalis & Jason F. Herrmann & Carsten Langrock & Martin M. Fejer & Amir H. Safavi-Naeini, 2022. "Ultra-low-power second-order nonlinear optics on a chip," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Sabrina D. Eder & Adam Fahy & Matthew G. Barr & J. R. Manson & Bodil Holst & Paul C. Dastoor, 2023. "Sub-resolution contrast in neutral helium microscopy through facet scattering for quantitative imaging of nanoscale topographies on macroscopic surfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    5. Mikhail Churaev & Rui Ning Wang & Annina Riedhauser & Viacheslav Snigirev & Terence Blésin & Charles Möhl & Miles H. Anderson & Anat Siddharth & Youri Popoff & Ute Drechsler & Daniele Caimi & Simon Hö, 2023. "A heterogeneously integrated lithium niobate-on-silicon nitride photonic platform," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    6. Ugo Zanforlin & Cosmo Lupo & Peter W. R. Connolly & Pieter Kok & Gerald S. Buller & Zixin Huang, 2022. "Optical quantum super-resolution imaging and hypothesis testing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    7. Christian Bærentsen & Sergey A. Fedorov & Christoffer Østfeldt & Mikhail V. Balabas & Emil Zeuthen & Eugene S. Polzik, 2024. "Squeezed light from an oscillator measured at the rate of oscillation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    8. Korenobu Matsuzaki & Tahei Tahara, 2022. "Superresolution concentration measurement realized by sub-shot-noise absorption spectroscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    9. Dmitry Kazakov & Theodore P. Letsou & Maximilian Beiser & Yiyang Zhi & Nikola Opačak & Marco Piccardo & Benedikt Schwarz & Federico Capasso, 2024. "Active mid-infrared ring resonators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    10. Sudip Shekhar & Wim Bogaerts & Lukas Chrostowski & John E. Bowers & Michael Hochberg & Richard Soref & Bhavin J. Shastri, 2024. "Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    11. Xinyu Ma & Zhaoyu Cai & Chijie Zhuang & Xiangdong Liu & Zhecheng Zhang & Kewei Liu & Bo Cao & Jinliang He & Changxi Yang & Chengying Bao & Rong Zeng, 2024. "Integrated microcavity electric field sensors using Pound-Drever-Hall detection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    12. Seou Choi & Yannick Salamin & Charles Roques-Carmes & Rumen Dangovski & Di Luo & Zhuo Chen & Michael Horodynski & Jamison Sloan & Shiekh Zia Uddin & Marin Soljačić, 2024. "Photonic probabilistic machine learning using quantum vacuum noise," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    13. Shahab Abdollahi & Mathieu Ladouce & Pablo Marin-Palomo & Martin Virte, 2024. "Agile THz-range spectral multiplication of frequency combs using a multi-wavelength laser," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    14. Chengying Bao & Zhiquan Yuan & Lue Wu & Myoung-Gyun Suh & Heming Wang & Qiang Lin & Kerry J. Vahala, 2021. "Architecture for microcomb-based GHz-mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    15. Joshua C. Lederman & Weipeng Zhang & Thomas Ferreira Lima & Eric C. Blow & Simon Bilodeau & Bhavin J. Shastri & Paul R. Prucnal, 2023. "Real-time photonic blind interference cancellation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    16. Dylan Renaud & Daniel Rimoli Assumpcao & Graham Joe & Amirhassan Shams-Ansari & Di Zhu & Yaowen Hu & Neil Sinclair & Marko Loncar, 2023. "Sub-1 Volt and high-bandwidth visible to near-infrared electro-optic modulators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    17. Arkadev Roy & Luis Ledezma & Luis Costa & Robert Gray & Ryoto Sekine & Qiushi Guo & Mingchen Liu & Ryan M. Briggs & Alireza Marandi, 2023. "Visible-to-mid-IR tunable frequency comb in nanophotonics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    18. Han Zhao & Bingzhao Li & Huan Li & Mo Li, 2022. "Enabling scalable optical computing in synthetic frequency dimension using integrated cavity acousto-optics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    19. Ileana-Cristina Benea-Chelmus & Sydney Mason & Maryna L. Meretska & Delwin L. Elder & Dmitry Kazakov & Amirhassan Shams-Ansari & Larry R. Dalton & Federico Capasso, 2022. "Gigahertz free-space electro-optic modulators based on Mie resonances," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    20. Rebecca Cheng & Mengjie Yu & Amirhassan Shams-Ansari & Yaowen Hu & Christian Reimer & Mian Zhang & Marko Lončar, 2024. "Frequency comb generation via synchronous pumped χ(3) resonator on thin-film lithium niobate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38246-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.