IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v13y2022i1d10.1038_s41467-022-33378-7.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron and Delta hospitalisation, a test negative case-control study

Author

Listed:
  • Julia Stowe

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Nick Andrews

    (UK Health Security Agency
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Freja Kirsebom

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Mary Ramsay

    (UK Health Security Agency
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Jamie Lopez Bernal

    (UK Health Security Agency
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
    Imperial College London)

Abstract

The Omicron variant has been associated with reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild disease with rapid waning. Meanwhile Omicron has also been associated with milder disease. Protection against severe disease has been substantially higher than protection against infection with previous variants. We used a test-negative case-control design to estimate VE against hospitalisation with the Omicron and Delta variants using PCR testing linked to hospital records. We investigated the impact of increasing the specificity and severity of hospitalisation definitions on VE. Among 18–64-year-olds using cases admitted via emergency care, VE after a 3rd dose peaked at 82.4% and dropped to 53.6% by 15+ weeks after the 3rd dose; using all admissions for > = 2 days stay with a respiratory code in the primary diagnostic field VE ranged from 90.9% to 67.4%; further restricting to those on oxygen/ventilated/intensive care VE ranged from 97.1% to 75.9%. Among 65+ year olds the equivalent VE estimates were 92.4% to 76.9%; 91.3% to 85.3% and 95.8% to 86.8%. Here we show that with milder Omicron disease contamination of hospitalisations with incidental cases is likely to reduce VE estimates. VE estimates increase, and waning is reduced, when specific hospitalisation definitions are used.

Suggested Citation

  • Julia Stowe & Nick Andrews & Freja Kirsebom & Mary Ramsay & Jamie Lopez Bernal, 2022. "Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron and Delta hospitalisation, a test negative case-control study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33378-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33378-7
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33378-7
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-022-33378-7?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hung Fu Tseng & Bradley K. Ackerson & Katia J. Bruxvoort & Lina S. Sy & Julia E. Tubert & Gina S. Lee & Jennifer H. Ku & Ana Florea & Yi Luo & Sijia Qiu & Soon Kyu Choi & Harpreet S. Takhar & Michael , 2023. "Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Lindsey R. Baden & Hana M. El Sahly & Brandon Essink & Dean Follmann & Gregory Hachigian & Cynthia Strout & J. Scott Overcash & Susanne Doblecki-Lewis & Jennifer A. Whitaker & Evan J. Anderson & Kathl, 2024. "Long-term safety and effectiveness of mRNA-1273 vaccine in adults: COVE trial open-label and booster phases," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Hung Fu Tseng & Bradley K. Ackerson & Lina S. Sy & Julia E. Tubert & Yi Luo & Sijia Qiu & Gina S. Lee & Katia J. Bruxvoort & Jennifer H. Ku & Ana Florea & Harpreet S. Takhar & Radha Bathala & Cindy Ke, 2023. "mRNA-1273 bivalent (original and Omicron) COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 outcomes in the United States," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Lloyd A. C. Chapman & Maite Aubry & Noémie Maset & Timothy W. Russell & Edward S. Knock & John A. Lees & Henri-Pierre Mallet & Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau & Adam J. Kucharski, 2023. "Impact of vaccinations, boosters and lockdowns on COVID-19 waves in French Polynesia," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    5. Zhuoying Huang & Shuangfei Xu & Jiechen Liu & Linlin Wu & Jing Qiu & Nan Wang & Jia Ren & Zhi Li & Xiang Guo & Fangfang Tao & Jian Chen & Donglei Lu & Yuheng Wang & Juan Li & Xiaodong Sun & Weibing Wa, 2023. "Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among older adults in Shanghai: retrospective cohort study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Denis Mongin & Nils Bürgisser & Gustavo Laurie & Guillaume Schimmel & Diem-Lan Vu & Stephane Cullati & Delphine Sophie Courvoisier, 2023. "Effect of SARS-CoV-2 prior infection and mRNA vaccination on contagiousness and susceptibility to infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Freja Cordelia Møller Kirsebom & Nick Andrews & Ruchira Sachdeva & Julia Stowe & Mary Ramsay & Jamie Lopez Bernal, 2022. "Effectiveness of ChAdOx1-S COVID-19 booster vaccination against the Omicron and Delta variants in England," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33378-7. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.