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Observation of entanglement transition of pseudo-random mixed states

Author

Listed:
  • Tong Liu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Shang Liu

    (University of California)

  • Hekang Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Hao Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Kaixuan Huang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences)

  • Zhongcheng Xiang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Xiaohui Song

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Kai Xu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Dongning Zheng

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Heng Fan

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
    Hefei National Laboratory)

Abstract

Random quantum states serve as a powerful tool in various scientific fields, including quantum supremacy and black hole physics. It has been theoretically predicted that entanglement transitions may happen for different partitions of multipartite random quantum states; however, the experimental observation of these transitions is still absent. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the entanglement transitions witnessed by negativity on a fully connected superconducting processor. We apply parallel entangling operations, that significantly decrease the depth of the pseudo-random circuits, to generate pseudo-random pure states of up to 15 qubits. By quantum state tomography of the reduced density matrix of six qubits, we measure the negativity spectra. Then, by changing the sizes of the environment and subsystems, we observe the entanglement transitions that are directly identified by logarithmic entanglement negativities based on the negativity spectra. In addition, we characterize the randomness of our circuits by measuring the distance between the distribution of output bit-string probabilities and the Porter-Thomas distribution. Our results show that superconducting processors with all-to-all connectivity constitute a promising platform for generating random states and understanding the entanglement structure of multipartite quantum systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Tong Liu & Shang Liu & Hekang Li & Hao Li & Kaixuan Huang & Zhongcheng Xiang & Xiaohui Song & Kai Xu & Dongning Zheng & Heng Fan, 2023. "Observation of entanglement transition of pseudo-random mixed states," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-37511-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37511-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Frank Arute & Kunal Arya & Ryan Babbush & Dave Bacon & Joseph C. Bardin & Rami Barends & Rupak Biswas & Sergio Boixo & Fernando G. S. L. Brandao & David A. Buell & Brian Burkett & Yu Chen & Zijun Chen, 2019. "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor," Nature, Nature, vol. 574(7779), pages 505-510, October.
    2. Rajibul Islam & Ruichao Ma & Philipp M. Preiss & M. Eric Tai & Alexander Lukin & Matthew Rispoli & Markus Greiner, 2015. "Measuring entanglement entropy in a quantum many-body system," Nature, Nature, vol. 528(7580), pages 77-83, December.
    3. Yao Lu & Shuaining Zhang & Kuan Zhang & Wentao Chen & Yangchao Shen & Jialiang Zhang & Jing-Ning Zhang & Kihwan Kim, 2019. "Global entangling gates on arbitrary ion qubits," Nature, Nature, vol. 572(7769), pages 363-367, August.
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