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Antibody affinity and cross-variant neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 following third mRNA vaccination

Author

Listed:
  • Lorenza Bellusci

    (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA)

  • Gabrielle Grubbs

    (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA)

  • Fatema Tuz Zahra

    (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA)

  • David Forgacs

    (University of Georgia)

  • Hana Golding

    (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA)

  • Ted M. Ross

    (University of Georgia
    University of Georgia)

  • Surender Khurana

    (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA)

Abstract

There is limited knowledge on durability of neutralization capacity and antibody affinity maturation generated following two versus three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in naïve versus convalescent individuals (hybrid immunity) against the highly transmissible Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 subvariants. Virus neutralization titers against the vaccine-homologous strain (WA1) and Omicron sublineages are measured in a pseudovirus neutralization assay (PsVNA). In addition, antibody binding and antibody affinity against spike proteins from WA1, BA.1, and BA.2 is determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The convalescent individuals who after SARS-CoV-2 infection got vaccinated develop hybrid immunity that shows broader neutralization activity and cross-reactive antibody affinity maturation against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 after either second or third vaccination compared with naïve individuals. Neutralization activity correlates with antibody affinity against Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 spikes. Importantly, at four months post-third vaccination the neutralization activity and antibody affinity against the Omicron subvariants is maintained and trended higher for the individuals with hybrid immunity compared with naïve adults. These findings about hybrid immunity resulting in superior immune kinetics, breadth, and durable high affinity antibodies support the need for booster vaccinations to provide effective protection from emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants like the rapidly spreading Omicron subvariants.

Suggested Citation

  • Lorenza Bellusci & Gabrielle Grubbs & Fatema Tuz Zahra & David Forgacs & Hana Golding & Ted M. Ross & Surender Khurana, 2022. "Antibody affinity and cross-variant neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 following third mRNA vaccination," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-32298-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32298-w
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    1. Alice Cho & Frauke Muecksch & Dennis Schaefer-Babajew & Zijun Wang & Shlomo Finkin & Christian Gaebler & Victor Ramos & Melissa Cipolla & Pilar Mendoza & Marianna Agudelo & Eva Bednarski & Justin DaSi, 2021. "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibody evolution after mRNA vaccination," Nature, Nature, vol. 600(7889), pages 517-522, December.
    2. Ewen Callaway, 2022. "Why does the Omicron sub-variant spread faster than the original?," Nature, Nature, vol. 602(7898), pages 556-557, February.
    3. Juanjie Tang & Supriya Ravichandran & Youri Lee & Gabrielle Grubbs & Elizabeth M. Coyle & Laura Klenow & Hollie Genser & Hana Golding & Surender Khurana, 2021. "Antibody affinity maturation and plasma IgA associate with clinical outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.
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    1. Laura Pérez-Alós & Cecilie Bo Hansen & Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros & Johannes Roth Madsen & Line Dam Heftdal & Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch & Mia Marie Pries-Heje & Rafael Bayarri-Olmos & Ida Jarlhelt & Seb, 2023. "Previous immunity shapes immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection risk," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Lorenza Bellusci & Gabrielle Grubbs & Shaimaa Sait & Lael M. Yonker & Adrienne G. Randolph & Tanya Novak & Takuma Kobayashi & Surender Khurana, 2023. "Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 variants following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in children," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.

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