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High-energy and low-cost membrane-free chlorine flow battery

Author

Listed:
  • Singyuk Hou

    (University of Maryland)

  • Long Chen

    (University of Maryland
    East China University of Science and Technology)

  • Xiulin Fan

    (University of Maryland)

  • Xiaotong Fan

    (East China University of Science and Technology)

  • Xiao Ji

    (University of Maryland)

  • Boyu Wang

    (University of Maryland)

  • Chunyu Cui

    (University of Maryland)

  • Ji Chen

    (University of Maryland)

  • Chongyin Yang

    (University of Maryland)

  • Wei Wang

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

  • Chunzhong Li

    (East China University of Science and Technology)

  • Chunsheng Wang

    (University of Maryland)

Abstract

Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl2/Cl− redox reaction.

Suggested Citation

  • Singyuk Hou & Long Chen & Xiulin Fan & Xiaotong Fan & Xiao Ji & Boyu Wang & Chunyu Cui & Ji Chen & Chongyin Yang & Wei Wang & Chunzhong Li & Chunsheng Wang, 2022. "High-energy and low-cost membrane-free chlorine flow battery," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-28880-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28880-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tobias Janoschka & Norbert Martin & Udo Martin & Christian Friebe & Sabine Morgenstern & Hannes Hiller & Martin D. Hager & Ulrich S. Schubert, 2015. "An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe, and low-cost materials," Nature, Nature, vol. 527(7576), pages 78-81, November.
    2. Xu, Q. & Zhao, T.S. & Zhang, C., 2014. "Effects of SOC-dependent electrolyte viscosity on performance of vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 139-147.
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