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Rapid increase in dichloromethane emissions from China inferred through atmospheric observations

Author

Listed:
  • Minde An

    (Peking University
    University of Bristol)

  • Luke M. Western

    (University of Bristol)

  • Daniel Say

    (University of Bristol)

  • Liqu Chen

    (Meteorological Observation Centre of China Meteorological Administration (MOC/CMA))

  • Tom Claxton

    (Lancaster University)

  • Anita L. Ganesan

    (University of Bristol)

  • Ryan Hossaini

    (Lancaster University
    Lancaster University)

  • Paul B. Krummel

    (CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere)

  • Alistair J. Manning

    (Met Office)

  • Jens Mühle

    (University of California San Diego)

  • Simon O’Doherty

    (University of Bristol)

  • Ronald G. Prinn

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Ray F. Weiss

    (University of California San Diego)

  • Dickon Young

    (University of Bristol)

  • Jianxin Hu

    (Peking University)

  • Bo Yao

    (Meteorological Observation Centre of China Meteorological Administration (MOC/CMA)
    Fudan University)

  • Matthew Rigby

    (University of Bristol)

Abstract

With the successful implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the atmospheric abundance of ozone-depleting substances continues to decrease slowly and the Antarctic ozone hole is showing signs of recovery. However, growing emissions of unregulated short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons are offsetting some of these gains. Here, we report an increase in emissions from China of the industrially produced chlorocarbon, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The emissions grew from 231 (213–245) Gg yr−1 in 2011 to 628 (599–658) Gg yr−1 in 2019, with an average annual increase of 13 (12–15) %, primarily from eastern China. The overall increase in CH2Cl2 emissions from China has the same magnitude as the global emission rise of 354 (281−427) Gg yr−1 over the same period. If global CH2Cl2 emissions remain at 2019 levels, they could lead to a delay in Antarctic ozone recovery of around 5 years compared to a scenario with no CH2Cl2 emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Minde An & Luke M. Western & Daniel Say & Liqu Chen & Tom Claxton & Anita L. Ganesan & Ryan Hossaini & Paul B. Krummel & Alistair J. Manning & Jens Mühle & Simon O’Doherty & Ronald G. Prinn & Ray F. W, 2021. "Rapid increase in dichloromethane emissions from China inferred through atmospheric observations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-27592-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27592-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ryan Hossaini & Martyn P. Chipperfield & Stephen A. Montzka & Amber A. Leeson & Sandip S. Dhomse & John A. Pyle, 2017. "The increasing threat to stratospheric ozone from dichloromethane," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. S. S. Dhomse & W. Feng & S. A. Montzka & R. Hossaini & J. Keeble & J. A. Pyle & J. S. Daniel & M. P. Chipperfield, 2019. "Delay in recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole from unexpected CFC-11 emissions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. K. M. Stanley & D. Say & J. Mühle & C. M. Harth & P. B. Krummel & D. Young & S. J. O’Doherty & P. K. Salameh & P. G. Simmonds & R. F. Weiss & R. G. Prinn & P. J. Fraser & M. Rigby, 2020. "Increase in global emissions of HFC-23 despite near-total expected reductions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-6, December.
    4. Stephen A. Montzka & Geoffrey S. Dutton & Robert W. Portmann & Martyn P. Chipperfield & Sean Davis & Wuhu Feng & Alistair J. Manning & Eric Ray & Matthew Rigby & Bradley D. Hall & Carolina Siso & J. D, 2021. "A decline in global CFC-11 emissions during 2018−2019," Nature, Nature, vol. 590(7846), pages 428-432, February.
    5. Stephen A. Montzka & Geoff S. Dutton & Pengfei Yu & Eric Ray & Robert W. Portmann & John S. Daniel & Lambert Kuijpers & Brad D. Hall & Debra Mondeel & Carolina Siso & J. David Nance & Matt Rigby & Ali, 2018. "An unexpected and persistent increase in global emissions of ozone-depleting CFC-11," Nature, Nature, vol. 557(7705), pages 413-417, May.
    6. Sunyoung Park & Luke M. Western & Takuya Saito & Alison L. Redington & Stephan Henne & Xuekun Fang & Ronald G. Prinn & Alistair J. Manning & Stephen A. Montzka & Paul J. Fraser & Anita L. Ganesan & Ch, 2021. "A decline in emissions of CFC-11 and related chemicals from eastern China," Nature, Nature, vol. 590(7846), pages 433-437, February.
    7. M. Rigby & S. Park & T. Saito & L. M. Western & A. L. Redington & X. Fang & S. Henne & A. J. Manning & R. G. Prinn & G. S. Dutton & P. J. Fraser & A. L. Ganesan & B. D. Hall & C. M. Harth & J. Kim & K, 2019. "Increase in CFC-11 emissions from eastern China based on atmospheric observations," Nature, Nature, vol. 569(7757), pages 546-550, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaoyi Hu & Bo Yao & Jens Mühle & Robert C. Rhew & Paul J. Fraser & Simon O’Doherty & Ronald G. Prinn & Xuekun Fang, 2024. "Unexplained high and persistent methyl bromide emissions in China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Minde An & Ronald G. Prinn & Luke M. Western & Xingchen Zhao & Bo Yao & Jianxin Hu & Anita L. Ganesan & Jens Mühle & Ray F. Weiss & Paul B. Krummel & Simon O’Doherty & Dickon Young & Matthew Rigby, 2024. "Sustained growth of sulfur hexafluoride emissions in China inferred from atmospheric observations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.

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