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Spatialization of Chinese R-410A emissions from the room air-conditioning sector

Author

Listed:
  • Pengcheng Wu

    (Sun Yat-Sen University
    Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning)

  • Li Zhang

    (Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning
    University of California Los Angeles)

  • Bo Yao

    (Fudan University)

  • Bofeng Cai

    (Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning)

  • Yifang Zhu

    (University of California Los Angeles)

  • Hui Liu

    (Wuhan University)

  • Pengling Wang

    (National Climate Center)

  • Lisha Liu

    (University of New South Wales)

  • Yanwei Dou

    (China Household Electrical Appliances Association)

  • Han Yan

    (Taikang Asset Management Co., LTD)

  • Yijun Liu

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

  • Zixuan Xie

    (Washington University in St. Louis)

  • Lingyun Pang

    (Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning)

  • Libin Cao

    (Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning)

  • Yimeng Ren

    (Renmin University of China)

  • Xin Bo

    (Beijing University of Chemical Technology)

Abstract

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are strong greenhouse gases and regulated by the Montreal Protocol as substitutes of ozone depletion substances. Currently, Chinese HFC emissions keep increasing, and the inventory is only on a national or city level. A high-resolution gridded HFC emission inventory is needed to develop HFC reduction policy and phase-down schedule. We developed a method by integrating point sources with longitude and latitude information and area sources using the proxy factor to explore the distribution of R-410A [a mixture of HFC-32 (CH2F2) and HFC-125 (C2HF5)] emissions from the room air-conditioning sector on a 10 × 10 km2 grid scale. Variety of regression models (including the principal component analysis, multiple linear regressions, stepwise regressions, and linear regression), analysis scale (national level and provincial level), and data dimensions (the proxy factor and unit-area value) were tested. The gross domestic product was found as the optimal proxy factor and used to spatialize R-410A emissions at a high-resolution scale. Compared to the national-level analysis, model evaluation parameters were largely improved for the provincial-level regression analysis, including root-mean-square error (from 20.96 to 11.35), normalized mean bias (from 0.16 to − 0.01), normalized mean error (from 0.45 to 0.20), mean absolute error (from 11.27 to 4.97), correlation coefficient (from 0.91 to 0.97), and relative error (from 39% to 76%), suggesting a better performance for the provincial-level analysis. This study provides a cost-effective method to establish fine-resolution HFC inventory. Meanwhile, high-resolution emissions grid data could be further applied to implement site-specific management of low-carbon development.

Suggested Citation

  • Pengcheng Wu & Li Zhang & Bo Yao & Bofeng Cai & Yifang Zhu & Hui Liu & Pengling Wang & Lisha Liu & Yanwei Dou & Han Yan & Yijun Liu & Zixuan Xie & Lingyun Pang & Libin Cao & Yimeng Ren & Xin Bo, 2023. "Spatialization of Chinese R-410A emissions from the room air-conditioning sector," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(6), pages 5263-5281, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:25:y:2023:i:6:d:10.1007_s10668-022-02264-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02264-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. K. M. Stanley & D. Say & J. Mühle & C. M. Harth & P. B. Krummel & D. Young & S. J. O’Doherty & P. K. Salameh & P. G. Simmonds & R. F. Weiss & R. G. Prinn & P. J. Fraser & M. Rigby, 2020. "Increase in global emissions of HFC-23 despite near-total expected reductions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-6, December.
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