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The socioeconomic gradient in health: how important is material deprivation?

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  • Maite Blázquez
  • Elena Cottini
  • Ainhoa Herrarte

Abstract

In this paper we use the Spanish Living Conditions Survey (2005–2008) to investigate the existence of a socioeconomic gradient in health when alternative measures of socioeconomic status, apart from income, are considered. In particular we construct a material deprivation index that reflects minimum standards of quality of life and that incorporates comparison effects with societal peers and we estimate health equations with probit adapted least squares, fixed effects and instrumental variables. Our results reveal that the relationship between health and income operates through comparison information with respect to societal peers. In contrast, material deprivation in terms of financial difficulties, basic necessities and housing conditions exerts a direct effect on individual health. Mixed evidence is found with respect to gender. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Maite Blázquez & Elena Cottini & Ainhoa Herrarte, 2014. "The socioeconomic gradient in health: how important is material deprivation?," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 12(2), pages 239-264, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jecinq:v:12:y:2014:i:2:p:239-264
    DOI: 10.1007/s10888-013-9248-5
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    1. Sinha, K.; & Davillas, A.; & Jones, A.M.; & Sharma, A.;, 2018. "Distributional analysis of the role of breadth and persistence of multiple deprivation in the health gradient measured by biomarkers," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 18/31, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    2. Maite Blázquez & Santiago Budría, 2018. "The Effects of Over-indebtedness on Individual Health," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 227(4), pages 103-131, December.
    3. Maite Blázquez Cuesta & Elena Cottini & Herrarte, A. (Ainhoa), 2012. "GINI DP 39: Socioeconomic Gradient in Health: How Important is Material Deprivation?," GINI Discussion Papers 39, AIAS, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies.
    4. Blázquez, Maite & Moro-Egido, Ana I., 2023. "The impact of financial insecurity on self-reported health: Europe in cross-national perspective," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1123-1137.
    5. Elena Bárcena-Martín & Maite Blázquez & Ana I. Moro Egido, 2017. "Intra-household allocation of resources and decision-making. How important are in terms of individual well-being?," ThE Papers 17/03, Department of Economic Theory and Economic History of the University of Granada..
    6. Bárcena, Elena & Blázquez, Maite & Moro-Egido, Ana I., 2016. "The socioeconomic gradient in health: The role of intra-household resource allocation," Working Papers in Economic Theory 2016/06, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain), Department of Economic Analysis (Economic Theory and Economic History).
    7. Sinha, Kompal & Davillas, Apostolos & Jones, Andrew M. & Sharma, Anurag, 2021. "Do socioeconomic health gradients persist over time and beyond income? A distributional analysis using UK biomarker data," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    8. Cuesta, Maite Blázquez & Budría, Santiago, 2015. "Income deprivation and mental well-being: The role of non-cognitive skills," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 16-28.
    9. Sommet, Nicolas & Spini, Dario, 2022. "Financial scarcity undermines health across the globe and the life course," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    10. Blázquez, Maite & Herrarte, Ainhoa & Llorente-Heras, Raquel, 2018. "Competencies, occupational status, and earnings among European university graduates," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 16-34.
    11. Vivian Y. W. Guo & Carlos K. H. Wong & Rosa S. M. Wong & Esther Y. T. Yu & Patrick Ip & Cindy L. K. Lam, 2018. "Spillover Effects of Maternal Chronic Disease on Children’s Quality of Life and Behaviors Among Low-Income Families," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Springer;International Academy of Health Preference Research, vol. 11(6), pages 625-635, December.
    12. Bárcena-Martín, Elena & Blázquez, Maite & Moro-Egido, Ana I., 2020. "Intra-household arrangements: How important are they in terms of male-female subjective well-being?," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    13. Wiemer Salverda & Christina Haas & Marloes Graaf-zijl & Bram Lancee & Natascha Notten & Tahnee Ooms, 2013. "GINI Country Report: Growing Inequalities and their Impacts in the Netherlands," GINI Country Reports netherlands, AIAS, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Material deprivation; Reverse causality; Health equations; C23; D63; I10;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General

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