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A decentralized approach towards resolving transmission grid congestion in Germany using vehicle-to-grid technology

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  • Staudt, Philipp
  • Schmidt, Marc
  • Gärttner, Johannes
  • Weinhardt, Christof

Abstract

The increasing penetration of renewable generation in electricity markets as well as the rising number of electric vehicles pose new challenges for transmission grids. Additional demand and regionally clustered generation force system operators to consider costly expansion plans and employ expensive redispatch measures in the meantime. In this paper, we assess the ability of the expanded German transmission grid to cope with the additional demand of uncoordinated electric vehicle charging using a transportation problem formulation. We then propose local flexibility markets for electric vehicle owners to relieve the grid of congestion and to provide a heuristic that finds feasible solutions. We test our models on empirical data from the German electricity system of 2016. We find that the currently proposed expansion of the German electricity grid will not suffice to cope with increased electricity demand from uncoordinated electric vehicle charging. However, with coordination, electric vehicles can support transmission grid balancing and local flexibility markets can provide reasonable remuneration for electric vehicle owners.

Suggested Citation

  • Staudt, Philipp & Schmidt, Marc & Gärttner, Johannes & Weinhardt, Christof, 2018. "A decentralized approach towards resolving transmission grid congestion in Germany using vehicle-to-grid technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 1435-1446.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:230:y:2018:i:c:p:1435-1446
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.045
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    4. David Kroger & Milijana Teodosic & Christian Rehtanz, 2023. "Modeling and Contribution of Flexible Heating Systems for Transmission Grid Congestion Management," Papers 2310.15933, arXiv.org.
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    7. Nikoobakht, Ahmad & Aghaei, Jamshid & Mokarram, Mohammad Jafar & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2021. "Adaptive robust co-optimization of wind energy generation, electric vehicle batteries and flexible AC transmission system devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    8. Staudt, Philipp & Oren, Shmuel S., 2021. "Merchant transmission in single-price electricity markets with cost-based redispatch," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    9. Murshed, Muntasir, 2023. "Efficacies of technological progress and renewable energy transition in amplifying national electrification rates: contextual evidence from developing countries," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    10. Oussama Ouramdane & Elhoussin Elbouchikhi & Yassine Amirat & Franck Le Gall & Ehsan Sedgh Gooya, 2022. "Home Energy Management Considering Renewable Resources, Energy Storage, and an Electric Vehicle as a Backup," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-20, April.
    11. Robert Pietracho & Christoph Wenge & Stephan Balischewski & Pio Lombardi & Przemyslaw Komarnicki & Leszek Kasprzyk & Damian Burzyński, 2021. "Potential of Using Medium Electric Vehicle Fleet in a Commercial Enterprise Transport in Germany on the Basis of Real-World GPS Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-23, August.
    12. Shashank Narayana Gowda & Hamidreza Nazaripouya & Rajit Gadh, 2023. "Congestion Relief Services by Vehicle-to-Grid Enabled Electric Vehicles Considering Battery Degradation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-23, December.
    13. Morsy Nour & José Pablo Chaves-Ávila & Gaber Magdy & Álvaro Sánchez-Miralles, 2020. "Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-34, September.
    14. Reinhard Haas & Claudia Kemfert & Hans Auer & Amela Ajanovic & Marlene Sayer & Albert Hiesl, 2022. "On the economics of storage for electricity: Current state and future market design prospects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(3), May.
    15. Lo Piano, S. & Smith, S.T., 2022. "Energy demand and its temporal flexibility: Approaches, criticalities and ways forward," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    16. Viktor Slednev & Patrick Jochem & Wolf Fichtner, 2022. "Impacts of electric vehicles on the European high and extra high voltage power grid," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(3), pages 824-837, June.
    17. Foti, Magda & Mavromatis, Costas & Vavalis, Manolis, 2021. "Decentralized blockchain-based consensus for Optimal Power Flow solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    18. Knüpfer, Kristina & Mäll, Martin & Esteban, Miguel & Shibayama, Tomoya, 2021. "Review of mixed-technology vehicle fleet evolution and representation in modelling studies: Policy contexts of Germany and Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    19. Khaki, Behnam & Chu, Chicheng & Gadh, Rajit, 2019. "Hierarchical distributed framework for EV charging scheduling using exchange problem," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 461-471.
    20. Schmidt, Marc & Staudt, Philipp & Weinhardt, Christof, 2020. "Evaluating the importance and impact of user behavior on public destination charging of electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    21. Poplavskaya, Ksenia & Totschnig, Gerhard & Leimgruber, Fabian & Doorman, Gerard & Etienne, Gilles & de Vries, Laurens, 2020. "Integration of day-ahead market and redispatch to increase cross-border exchanges in the European electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).

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