IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/iab/iabmit/v35i1p037-059.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Geschlechtsspezifische berufliche Segregation in Ostdeutschland zwischen Persistenz, Verdrängung und Angleichung : ein Vergleich mit Westdeutschland für die Jahre 1991-2000 (Gender-specific occupational segregation in eastern Germany between persistence, displacement and alignment : a comparison with western Germany for the years 1991-2000)

Author

Listed:
  • Falk, Susanne

Abstract

"The gender-specific occupational structures in eastern and western Germany are still a long way from coming into line with each other even ten years after unification. Both segregation curves and various segregation indices unanimously prove a clearly stronger gender-specific segregation in eastern Germany for the 1990s compared with western Germany. In research discussion there is disagreement about the right way to measure gender-specific segregation. That is why the contents-related explanations are first preceded by methodical considerations, which discuss classical and more recent measures of segregation in addition to the concept of the segregation curve. The starting point for the theoretical considerations is the question as to whether the level of gender-specific segregation differs in the two parts of Germany in view of the different occupation-structure conditions and basic social conditions in the GDR and the different employment developments in eastern and western Germany after unification. In order to answer this question, hypotheses of persistence, displacement and alignment are developed which are the subject of the empirical analyses. The study for the period 1991 to 2000, which was conducted on the basis of the microcensus, shows different trends of gender-specific segregation in eastern and western Germany. A constant level of gender-specific segregation in western Germany is opposed by an increase in segregation until 1996 followed by the start of a decrease in eastern Germany. In addition to indications of the persistence and alignment hypotheses, the empirical findings substantiate the displacement hypothesis most clearly. What supports this is the fact that the increase in gender-specific segregation between 1991 and 1996 corresponded with a clear decline of the proportion of women in the workforce. A detailed examination shows that the displacement of women in numerous occupations occurred by male-dominated occupations being closed for women and female-dominated occupations being opened up for men. In addition to this quantitative displacement process there is evidence of a qualitative displacement process which manifests itself in the fact that women were not able to gain a foothold in qualified service occupations in the same way as men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Suggested Citation

  • Falk, Susanne, 2002. "Geschlechtsspezifische berufliche Segregation in Ostdeutschland zwischen Persistenz, Verdrängung und Angleichung : ein Vergleich mit Westdeutschland für die Jahre 1991-2000 (Gender-specific occupation," Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 35(1), pages 37-59.
    • Handle: RePEc:iab:iabmit:v:35:i:1:p:037-059
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doku.iab.de/mittab/2002/2002_1_MittAB_Falk.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Becker, Gary S., 1971. "The Economics of Discrimination," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 2, number 9780226041162, December.
    2. repec:bla:ecorec:v:64:y:1988:i:186:p:187-95 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Hinz, Thomas & Schübel, Thomas, 2001. "Geschlechtersegregation in deutschen Betrieben (Gender segregation in German firms)," Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 34(3), pages 286-301.
    4. Richard Lampard, 1994. "Comment on Blackburn, Jarman and Siltanen: Marginal Matching and the Gini Coefficient," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 8(3), pages 407-411, September.
    5. Robert M. Blackburn & Jennifer Jarman & Janet Siltanen, 1994. "A Reply to Lampard," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 8(3), pages 413-419, September.
    6. Martin Watts, 1992. "How Should Occupational Sex Segregation be Measured?," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 6(3), pages 475-487, September.
    7. Deutsch, Joseph & Fluckiger, Yves & Silber, Jacques, 1994. "Measuring occupational segregation : Summary statistics and the impact of classification errors and aggregation," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 133-146, March.
    8. Michael Spence, 1973. "Job Market Signaling," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 87(3), pages 355-374.
    9. Francine D. Blau & Wallace E. Hendricks, 1979. "Occupational Segregation by Sex: Trends and Prospects," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 14(2), pages 197-210.
    10. Barbara R. Bergmann, 1974. "Occupational Segregation, Wages and Profits When Employers Discriminate by Race or Sex," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 1(2), pages 103-110, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Falk, Susanne, 2002. "Geschlechtsspezifische berufliche Segregation in Ostdeutschland zwischen Persistenz, Verdrängung und Angleichung : ein Vergleich mit Westdeutschland für die Jahre 1991-2000 (Gender-specific occupation," Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 35(1), pages 37-59.
    2. Falk, Susanne, 2002. "Geschlechtsspezifische berufliche Segregation in Ostdeutschland zwischen Persistenz, Verdrängung und Angleichung : ein Vergleich mit Westdeutschland für die Jahre 1991-2000 (Gender-specific occupation," Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 35(1), pages 37-59.
    3. repec:cte:werepe:we031503 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Ilan Tojerow, 2008. "Industry Wage Differentials Rent Sharing and Gender in Belgium," Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(3), pages 55-65.
    5. Ricardo Mora & Javier Ruiz-Castillo & Neus Herranz, 2005. "An algorithm to reduce the occupational space in gender segregation studies," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(1), pages 25-37.
    6. Martin J. Watts, 1994. "A Critique of Marginal Matching," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 8(3), pages 421-431, September.
    7. Robert M. Blackburn & Bradley Brooks & Jennifer Jarman, 2001. "The Vertical Dimension of Occupational Segregation," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 15(3), pages 511-538, September.
    8. Judith K. Hellerstein & David Neumark, 2003. "Ethnicity, Language, and Workplace Segregation: Evidence from a New Matched Employer-Employee Data Set," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 71-72, pages 1-15.
    9. Luojia Hu & Christopher Taber, 2011. "Displacement, Asymmetric Information, and HeterogeneousHuman Capital," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 29(1), pages 113-152, January.
    10. Gärtner, Debora & Grimm, Veronika & Lang, Julia & Stephan, Gesine, 2014. "Kollektive Lohnverhandlungen und der Gender Wage Gap : Befunde aus einer qualitativen Studie," IAB-Discussion Paper 201414, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    11. Ricardo Mora & Javier Ruiz-Castillo, 2004. "Gender segregation by occupations in the public and the private sector.The case of Spain," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 28(3), pages 399-428, September.
    12. Moris Triventi, 2011. "The Gender Wage Gap among recent European Graduates," Working Papers 32, AlmaLaurea Inter-University Consortium.
    13. Mohanty, Smrutirekha, 2021. "A distributional analysis of the gender wage gap among technical degree and diploma holders in urban India," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    14. Branko Milanovic & Paola Salardi, 2016. "The Evolution of Gender and Racial Occupational Segregation Across Formal and Non-Formal Labor Markets in Brazil, 1987 to 2006," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 62, pages 68-89, August.
    15. Kevin T. Reilly & Tony S. Wirjanto, 1999. "The Proportion of Females in the Establishment: Discrimination, Preferences and Technology," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 25(s1), pages 73-94, November.
    16. Hinz, Thomas & Schübel, Thomas, 2001. "Geschlechtersegregation in deutschen Betrieben (Gender segregation in German firms)," Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 34(3), pages 286-301.
    17. Robert M. Blackburn & Jennifer Jarman & Janet Siltanen, 1993. "The Analysis of Occupational Gender Segregation Over Time and Place: Considerations of Measurement and Some New Evidence," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 7(3), pages 335-362, September.
    18. Hunter, Boyd & Howlett, Monica & Biddle, Nicholas, 2014. "Modelling Exposure to Risk of Experiencing Discrimination in the Context of Endogenous Ethnic Identification," IZA Discussion Papers 8040, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    19. Joyce Burnette, 2012. "Testing for Wage Discrimination in U.S. Manufacturing," Working Papers 12-23, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    20. Nyevero Maruzani, 2013. "Gender Discrimination in Retail Shops’ Personnel: The Case of General Dealer Shops at Murambinda Growth Point, Buhera, Zimbabwe," International Journal of Asian Social Science, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 3(3), pages 669-681, March.
    21. Hellerstein, Judith K & Neumark, David & Troske, Kenneth R, 1999. "Wages, Productivity, and Worker Characteristics: Evidence from Plant-Level Production Functions and Wage Equations," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 17(3), pages 409-446, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:iab:iabmit:v:35:i:1:p:037-059. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: IAB, Geschäftsbereich Wissenschaftliche Fachinformation und Bibliothek (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/iabbbde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.