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Climate Variability and Change in Bihar, India: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Crop Production

Author

Listed:
  • Kindie Tesfaye

    (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)

  • Pramod K. Aggarwal

    (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Fasil Mequanint

    (Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute (EIAR), P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)

  • Paresh B. Shirsath

    (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Clare M. Stirling

    (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan 06600, Mexico)

  • Arun Khatri-Chhetri

    (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Dil Bahadur Rahut

    (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan 06600, Mexico)

Abstract

Climate change and associated uncertainties have serious direct and indirect consequences for crop production and food security in agriculture-based developing regions. Long-term climate data analysis can identify climate risks and anticipate new ones for planning appropriate adaptation and mitigation options. The aim of this study was to identify near-term (2030) and mid-term (2050) climate risks and/or opportunities in the state of Bihar, one of India’s most populous and poorest states, using weather data for 30 years (1980–2009) as a baseline. Rainfall, maximum and minimum temperatures, and evapotranspiration will all increase in the near- and mid-term periods relative to the baseline period, with the magnitude of the change varying with time, season and location within the state. Bihar’s major climate risks for crop production will be heat stress due to increasing minimum temperatures in the rabi (winter) season and high minimum and maximum temperatures in the spring season; and intense rainfall and longer dry spells in the kharif (monsoon) season. The increase in annual and seasonal rainfall amounts, and extended crop growing period in the kharif season generally provide opportunities; but increasing temperature across the state will have considerable negative consequences on (staple) crops by affecting crop phenology, physiology and plant-water relations. The study helps develop site-specific adaptation and mitigation options that minimize the negative effects of climate change while maximizing the opportunities.

Suggested Citation

  • Kindie Tesfaye & Pramod K. Aggarwal & Fasil Mequanint & Paresh B. Shirsath & Clare M. Stirling & Arun Khatri-Chhetri & Dil Bahadur Rahut, 2017. "Climate Variability and Change in Bihar, India: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Crop Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-22, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:11:p:1998-:d:117200
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qunying Luo, 2011. "Temperature thresholds and crop production: a review," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 109(3), pages 583-598, December.
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    2. Tiziana Pagnani & Elisabetta Gotor & Francesco Caracciolo, 2021. "Adaptive strategies enhance smallholders’ livelihood resilience in Bihar, India," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 13(2), pages 419-437, April.
    3. Somnath Bandyopadhyay & Aviram Sharma & Satiprasad Sahoo & Kishore Dhavala & Prabhakar Sharma, 2021. "Potential for Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) in South Bihar, India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-10, March.
    4. Omolola M. Adisa & Joel O. Botai & Abubeker Hassen & Daniel Darkey & Abiodun M. Adeola & Eyob Tesfamariam & Christina M. Botai & Abidemi T. Adisa, 2018. "Variability of Satellite Derived Phenological Parameters across Maize Producing Areas of South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, August.
    5. Raju Rai & Yili Zhang & Basanta Paudel & Narendra Raj Khanal, 2019. "Status of Farmland Abandonment and Its Determinants in the Transboundary Gandaki River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-18, September.
    6. Terese E. Venus & Stephanie Bilgram & Johannes Sauer & Arun Khatri-Chettri, 2022. "Livelihood vulnerability and climate change: a comparative analysis of smallholders in the Indo-Gangetic plains," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1981-2009, February.
    7. Arenas-Calle, L. & Sherpa, S. & Rossiter, D. & Nayak, H. & Urfels, A. & Kritee, K. & Poonia, S. & Singh, D.K. & Choudhary, A. & Dubey, R. & Kumar, V. & Nayak, A.K. & McDonald, A., 2024. "Hydrologic variability governs GHG emissions in rice-based cropping systems of Eastern India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).

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