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The Variations in Soil Microbial Communities and Their Mechanisms Along an Elevation Gradient in the Qilian Mountains, China

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  • Lili Bai

    (College of Geosciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
    Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science, Urumqi 830046, China)

  • Wenying Wang

    (College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
    Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China)

  • Zhe Chen

    (College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China)

  • Xiaoyue Chen

    (College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China)

  • Youcai Xiong

    (College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

Abstract

Untangling the multiple drivers that affect biodiversity along elevation gradients is crucial for predicting the consequences of climate change on mountain ecosystems. However, the distribution patterns of microorganisms along elevation gradients have not yet been clarified, in particular when associated with strong changes in dominant species. Five typical vegetation types (i.e., coniferous forests, meadow grasslands, alpine shrubs, alpine meadows, and sparse vegetation of limestone flats) from contrasting vegetation belts were selected to explore the influence of elevation gradients on soil microbial communities. The results showed that Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the prevalent fungal phyla. Soil bacterial alpha diversity increased with increasing elevation, while soil fungal alpha diversity showed an obvious mid-elevation pattern. The beta diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities reflected a clear spatial niche-differentiation, and indicated that herbaceous plants affected soil bacterial communities while shrubs preferred soil fungal communities. A correlation analysis showed that environmental factors had different contributions to the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. Soil bacteria were primarily affected by soil properties, whereas fungi were affected by vegetation. The research results can improve the prediction of soil microbial ecological processes and patterns related to elevation, and provide a theoretical basis for maintaining the sustainable development of soil microbial biodiversity under the background of global change.

Suggested Citation

  • Lili Bai & Wenying Wang & Zhe Chen & Xiaoyue Chen & Youcai Xiong, 2025. "The Variations in Soil Microbial Communities and Their Mechanisms Along an Elevation Gradient in the Qilian Mountains, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-16, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:5:p:1797-:d:1595806
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jordan R. Mayor & Nathan J. Sanders & Aimée T. Classen & Richard D. Bardgett & Jean-Christophe Clément & Alex Fajardo & Sandra Lavorel & Maja K. Sundqvist & Michael Bahn & Chelsea Chisholm & Ellen Cie, 2017. "Elevation alters ecosystem properties across temperate treelines globally," Nature, Nature, vol. 542(7639), pages 91-95, February.
    2. Wen Zhao & Yali Yin & Shixiong Li & Jingjing Liu & Yiling Dong & Shifeng Su, 2022. "Soil Microbial Community Varied with Vegetation Types on a Small Regional Scale of the Qilian Mountains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    3. Mohammad Bahram & Falk Hildebrand & Sofia K. Forslund & Jennifer L. Anderson & Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia & Peter M. Bodegom & Johan Bengtsson-Palme & Sten Anslan & Luis Pedro Coelho & Helery Harend & , 2018. "Structure and function of the global topsoil microbiome," Nature, Nature, vol. 560(7717), pages 233-237, August.
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