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A Review of the Use of Hydrogen in Compression Ignition Engines with Dual-Fuel Technology and Techniques for Reducing NO x Emissions

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Manuel Rueda-Vázquez

    (Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071 Cordoba, Spain)

  • Javier Serrano

    (Department of Energy Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Sara Pinzi

    (Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071 Cordoba, Spain)

  • Francisco José Jiménez-Espadafor

    (Department of Energy Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain)

  • M. P. Dorado

    (Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071 Cordoba, Spain)

Abstract

The use of compression ignition engines (CIEs) is associated with increased greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore necessary to research sustainable solutions and reduce the negative environmental impact of these engines. A widely studied alternative is the use of H 2 in dual-fuel mode. This review has been developed to include the most recent studies on the subject to collect and compare their main conclusions on performance and emissions. Moreover, this study includes most relevant emission control strategies that have not been extensively analyzed in other reviews on the subject. The main conclusion drawn from the literature is the negative effect of the addition of H 2 on NO x . This is due to the increase in temperature during combustion, which increases NO x formation, as the thermal mechanism predominates. Therefore, to reduce these emissions, three strategies have been studied, namely exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), water injection (WI), and compression ratio (CR) reduction. The effect of these techniques on NO x reduction, together with their effect on other analyzed performance parameters, have been deeply analyzed. The studies reviewed in this work indicate that hydrogen is an alternative fuel for CIEs when used in conjunction with techniques that have proven to be effective in reducing NO x .

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Manuel Rueda-Vázquez & Javier Serrano & Sara Pinzi & Francisco José Jiménez-Espadafor & M. P. Dorado, 2024. "A Review of the Use of Hydrogen in Compression Ignition Engines with Dual-Fuel Technology and Techniques for Reducing NO x Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-40, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:8:p:3462-:d:1379813
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yilmaz, I.T. & Gumus, M., 2018. "Effects of hydrogen addition to the intake air on performance and emissions of common rail diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 1104-1113.
    2. Saravanan, N. & Nagarajan, G., 2010. "Performance and emission studies on port injection of hydrogen with varied flow rates with Diesel as an ignition source," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(7), pages 2218-2229, July.
    3. Tesfa, B. & Mishra, R. & Gu, F. & Ball, A.D., 2012. "Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 333-344.
    4. Chintala, V. & Subramanian, K.A., 2015. "An effort to enhance hydrogen energy share in a compression ignition engine under dual-fuel mode using low temperature combustion strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 174-183.
    5. Serrano, J. & Jiménez-Espadafor, F.J. & Lora, A. & Modesto-López, L. & Gañán-Calvo, A. & López-Serrano, J., 2019. "Experimental analysis of NOx reduction through water addition and comparison with exhaust gas recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 737-752.
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