IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i24p11033-d1545000.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Possibilities of Improving the Emission Characteristics of Passenger Cars by Controlling the Concentration Levels of Combustion-Generated BTEX Components

Author

Listed:
  • Dragan Adamović

    (Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Savka Adamović

    (Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Zoran Čepić

    (Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Slobodan Morača

    (Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Aleksandra Mihailović

    (Department of Fundamentals Sciences, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Ivan Mijailović

    (Chair of Preventive Engineering, Faculty of Occupational Safety, University of Niš, 18106 Niš, Serbia)

  • Milena Stošić

    (Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

Abstract

Replacing the alkyl lead derivatives with aromatic hydrocarbons and additives in modern reformulated fuels to improve internal combustion engine performance, lower fuel consumption, increase power, and improve emission characteristics have resulted in the emission of large quantities of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) compounds into the atmospheric compartment. In this research, how the different working regimes of an experimental engine affect the BTEX compound concentration levels was observed to evaluate the quantities emitted during the movement of a passenger car in urban driving conditions. The target compounds were analyzed in exhaust gas samples using the Photovac Voyager-mobile GC (Waltham, MA, USA). This experimental research demonstrates that optimizing engine operational parameters significantly reduces the concentration levels of BTEX compounds in exhaust gas mixtures by adjusting specific working regimes, contributing to better emission characteristics and promoting sustainable transportation solutions. The most significant effect of the independent increase in air quantity in the feed mixture is realized through the decrease in concentration levels of toluene in the exhaust gas mixture of approximately 81%. A significant reduction in concentration levels is achieved with m,p-xylene (79%) and o-xylene (79%) as well, whilst the lowest effect has been noted with benzene (73%) and ethylbenzene (71%).

Suggested Citation

  • Dragan Adamović & Savka Adamović & Zoran Čepić & Slobodan Morača & Aleksandra Mihailović & Ivan Mijailović & Milena Stošić, 2024. "Possibilities of Improving the Emission Characteristics of Passenger Cars by Controlling the Concentration Levels of Combustion-Generated BTEX Components," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:24:p:11033-:d:1545000
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/24/11033/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/24/11033/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi & Yannick Roussel, 2021. "Natural Resources Depletion, Renewable Energy Consumption and Environmental Degradation: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Developing World," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(3), pages 251-260.
    2. Robert Snyder, 2012. "Leukemia and Benzene," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-19, August.
    3. Feng, Renhua & Fu, Jianqin & Yang, Jing & Wang, Yi & Li, Yangtao & Deng, Banglin & Liu, Jingping & Zhang, Daming, 2015. "Combustion and emissions study on motorcycle engine fueled with butanol-gasoline blend," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 113-122.
    4. Iodice, Paolo & Senatore, Adolfo & Langella, Giuseppe & Amoresano, Amedeo, 2016. "Effect of ethanol–gasoline blends on CO and HC emissions in last generation SI engines within the cold-start transient: An experimental investigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 182-190.
    5. Varatharajan, K. & Pushparani, D.S., 2018. "Screening of antioxidant additives for biodiesel fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2017-2028.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fiaz Ahmad Sulehri & Saba Sharif, 2022. "The Impact of Firm Sustainability on Firm Growth: Evidence from USA," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(2), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Ahmad Nawaz & Muhammad Shakeel & Sadia Mushtaq, 2022. "Unemployment, Governance And Migration Flows In Pakistan," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 11(2), pages 31-43, June.
    3. Liu, Haiying & Saleem, Muhammad Mansoor & Al-Faryan, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh & Khan, Irfan & Zafar, Muhammad Wasif, 2022. "Impact of governance and globalization on natural resources volatility: The role of financial development in the Middle East North Africa countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    4. Najafi, Gholamhassan & Ghobadian, Barat & Yusaf, Talal & Safieddin Ardebili, Seyed Mohammad & Mamat, Rizalman, 2015. "Optimization of performance and exhaust emission parameters of a SI (spark ignition) engine with gasoline–ethanol blended fuels using response surface methodology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1815-1829.
    5. Kumar, Thanikasalam & Mohsin, Rahmat & Majid, Zulkifli Abd. & Ghafir, Mohammad Fahmi Abdul & Wash, Ananth Manickam, 2020. "Experimental study of the anti-knock efficiency of high-octane fuels in spark ignited aircraft engine using response surface methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    6. Dhamodaran, Gopinath & Esakkimuthu, Ganapathy Sundaram & Pochareddy, Yashwanth Kutti & Sivasubramanian, Harish, 2017. "Investigation of n-butanol as fuel in a four-cylinder MPFI SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 726-735.
    7. José María Encinar & Sergio Nogales & Juan Félix González, 2020. "The effect of BHA on oxidative stability of biodiesel from different sources," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(6), pages 1193-1201, December.
    8. Paparao, Jami & Soundarya, N. & Murugan, S., 2023. "Advancing green technology: Experimental study on low heat rejection engine utilizing bio-based antioxidant-doped biodiesel-diesel blends and oxy-hydrogen gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    9. Mendiburu, Andrés Z. & Lauermann, Carlos H. & Hayashi, Thamy C. & Mariños, Diego J. & Rodrigues da Costa, Roberto Berlini & Coronado, Christian J.R. & Roberts, Justo J. & de Carvalho, João A., 2022. "Ethanol as a renewable biofuel: Combustion characteristics and application in engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    10. Karishma, Shaik Mullan & Rajak, Upendra & Naik, B. Kiran & Dasore, Abhishek & Konijeti, Ramakrishna, 2022. "Performance and emission characteristics assessment of compression ignition engine fuelled with the blends of novel antioxidant catechol-daok biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    11. Jhang, Syu-Ruei & Lin, Yuan-Chung & Chen, Kang-Shin & Lin, Sheng-Lun & Batterman, Stuart, 2020. "Evaluation of fuel consumption, pollutant emissions and well-to-wheel GHGs assessment from a vehicle operation fueled with bioethanol, gasoline and hydrogen," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    12. Marc Audi & Marc Poulin & Amjad Ali, 2024. "Environmental Impact of Business Freedom and Renewable Energy: A Global Perspective," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(3), pages 672-683, May.
    13. Tara Larsson & Senthil Krishnan Mahendar & Anders Christiansen-Erlandsson & Ulf Olofsson, 2021. "The Effect of Pure Oxygenated Biofuels on Efficiency and Emissions in a Gasoline Optimised DISI Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, June.
    14. Youssef Kassem & Hüseyin Çamur & Ebaa Alassi, 2020. "Biodiesel Production from Four Residential Waste Frying Oils: Proposing Blends for Improving the Physicochemical Properties of Methyl Biodiesel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-25, August.
    15. Zerish Tasleem & Muhammad Hatim & Mahnoor Malik & Muhammad Nadeem & Muhammad Tariq Ramzan, 2022. "The Impact Of Health Facilities On Rural Poverty In Southern Punjab, Pakistan," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 11(2), pages 104-109, June.
    16. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi & Ismail Senturk & Yannick Roussel, 2022. "Do Sectoral Growth Promote CO2 Emissions in Pakistan? Time Series Analysis in Presence of Structural Break," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(2), pages 410-425, March.
    17. Deng, Yuanwang & Liu, Huawei & Zhao, Xiaohuan & E, Jiaqiang & Chen, Jianmei, 2018. "Effects of cold start control strategy on cold start performance of the diesel engine based on a comprehensive preheat diesel engine model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 279-287.
    18. Arzoo Mushtaq & Shahnawaz Malik & Muhammad Hanif Akhtar, 2022. "Nonlinear Taylor Rule And Inflation-Targeting In Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 11(2), pages 185-197, June.
    19. Saima Ashiq & Amjad Ali & Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique & Sumaira, 2023. "Impact Of Innovation On Co2 Emissions In South Asian Countries," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 12(2), pages 201-211.
    20. Salvo, Orlando de & Vaz de Almeida, Flávio G., 2019. "Influence of technologies on energy efficiency results of official Brazilian tests of vehicle energy consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 98-112.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:24:p:11033-:d:1545000. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.