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Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Iron Powder for Green Heat Production

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammadmahdi Sohrabi

    (Mechanical and Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-141, Iran)

  • Barat Ghobadian

    (Mechanical and Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-141, Iran)

  • Gholamhassan Najafi

    (Mechanical and Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-141, Iran)

  • Willie Prasidha

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Mohammadreza Baigmohammadi

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Philip de Goey

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

Abstract

In the current investigation, a novel methodology was employed to assess iron powder as a recyclable and sustainable energy carrier. Concurrently, an examination of the modeling of iron powder ignition and the ensuing heat output from the burner was undertaken. The flame temperature was determined by examining the light intensity emitted by the particles as they melted, which is directly related to the particle’s cross-sectional area. An account of the characterization of the experimental procedure, validation, and calibration is presented. Through measurements, distinct one-to-one correlations have been established between the scales of flame combustion and the temperatures of particles of varying sizes of iron. Additionally, a theoretical model for the combustion of expanding particles, particularly iron, within the diffusion-limited regime has been rigorously developed. This model delves into the spectra acquired from particle flames within the burner, utilizing Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This study investigates the use of optical fiber spectroscopy to predict flame temperature and assess iron powder size. The aim was to investigate how different sizes of iron powder affect flame temperature and to create calibration models for non-destructive prediction. The study shows that smaller particles had an average temperature of 1381 °C while larger particles reach up to 1842 °C, demonstrating the significant impact of particle size on combustion efficiency. The results were confirmed using advanced statistical methods, including PLSR and PCA, with PCA effectively differentiating between particle sizes and PLSR achieving an R 2 value of 0.90 for the 30 µm particles.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammadmahdi Sohrabi & Barat Ghobadian & Gholamhassan Najafi & Willie Prasidha & Mohammadreza Baigmohammadi & Philip de Goey, 2024. "Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Iron Powder for Green Heat Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-15, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:21:p:9416-:d:1509889
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bergthorson, Jeffrey M. & Yavor, Yinon & Palecka, Jan & Georges, William & Soo, Michael & Vickery, James & Goroshin, Samuel & Frost, David L. & Higgins, Andrew J., 2017. "Metal-water combustion for clean propulsion and power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P1), pages 13-27.
    2. Bergthorson, J.M. & Goroshin, S. & Soo, M.J. & Julien, P. & Palecka, J. & Frost, D.L. & Jarvis, D.J., 2015. "Direct combustion of recyclable metal fuels for zero-carbon heat and power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 368-382.
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