IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i2p1643-d1035847.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigation of Thermochemical Properties and Pyrolysis of Barley Waste as a Source for Renewable Energy

Author

Listed:
  • Md Sumon Reza

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, East West University, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
    Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90112, Thailand
    Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Juntakan Taweekun

    (Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90112, Thailand)

  • Shammya Afroze

    (Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Shohel Ahmed Siddique

    (School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK)

  • Md. Shahinoor Islam

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
    Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh)

  • Chongqing Wang

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

  • Abul K. Azad

    (Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

Abstract

Energy consumption is rising dramatically at the price of depleting fossil fuel supplies and rising greenhouse gas emissions. To resolve this crisis, barley waste, which is hazardous for the environment and landfill, was studied through thermochemical characterization and pyrolysis to use it as a feedstock as a source of renewable energy. According to proximate analysis, the concentrations of ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and moisture were 5.43%, 73.41%, 18.15%, and 3.01%, consecutively. The ultimate analysis revealed that the composition included an acceptable H/C, O/C, and (N+O)/C atomic ratio, with the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen amounts being 46.04%, 6.84%, 3.895%, and 0.91%, respectively. The higher and lower heating values of 20.06 MJ/kg and 18.44 MJ/kg correspondingly demonstrate the appropriateness and promise for the generation of biofuel effectively. The results of the morphological study of biomass are promising for renewable energy sources. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the main link between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen was discovered, which is also important for bioenergy production. The maximum degradation rate was found by thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry to be 4.27% per minute for pyrolysis conditions at a temperature of 366 °C and 5.41% per minute for combustion conditions at a temperature of 298 °C. The maximum yields of biochar (38.57%), bio-oil (36.79%), and syngas (40.14%) in the pyrolysis procedure were obtained at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively. With the basic characterization and pyrolysis yields of the raw materials, it can be concluded that barley waste can be a valuable source of renewable energy. Further analysis of the pyrolyzed products is recommended to apply in the specific energy fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Sumon Reza & Juntakan Taweekun & Shammya Afroze & Shohel Ahmed Siddique & Md. Shahinoor Islam & Chongqing Wang & Abul K. Azad, 2023. "Investigation of Thermochemical Properties and Pyrolysis of Barley Waste as a Source for Renewable Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1643-:d:1035847
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/2/1643/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/2/1643/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hossain, Nazia & Zaini, Juliana & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Azad, Abul K., 2019. "Elemental, morphological and thermal analysis of mixed microalgae species from drain water," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 617-624.
    2. Naik, Satyanarayan & Goud, Vaibhav V. & Rout, Prasant K. & Jacobson, Kathlene & Dalai, Ajay K., 2010. "Characterization of Canadian biomass for alternative renewable biofuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 1624-1631.
    3. Ziyang Kang & Xigai Jia & Yuchen Zhang & Xiaoxuan Kang & Ming Ge & Dong Liu & Chongqing Wang & Zhangxing He, 2022. "A Review on Application of Biochar in the Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutants through Adsorption and Persulfate-Based AOPs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-25, August.
    4. Ahmed, Ashfaq & Abu Bakar, Muhammad S. & Azad, Abul K. & Sukri, Rahayu S. & Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, 2018. "Potential thermochemical conversion of bioenergy from Acacia species in Brunei Darussalam: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3060-3076.
    5. Shivangi Jha & Sonil Nanda & Bishnu Acharya & Ajay K. Dalai, 2022. "A Review of Thermochemical Conversion of Waste Biomass to Biofuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-23, August.
    6. Md Sumon Reza & Abul K. Azad & Muhammad S. Abu Bakar & Md Rezaul Karim & Mohsen Sharifpur & Juntakan Taweekun, 2022. "Evaluation of Thermochemical Characteristics and Pyrolysis of Fish Processing Waste for Renewable Energy Feedstock," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mohammed Yousri Silaa & Oscar Barambones & José Antonio Cortajarena & Patxi Alkorta & Aissa Bencherif, 2023. "PEMFC Current Control Using a Novel Compound Controller Enhanced by the Black Widow Algorithm: A Comprehensive Simulation Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Md Sumon Reza & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Md Naimul Haque & Shafi Noor Islam & Md Aslam Hossain & Mahbub Hassan & Hridoy Roy & Md Shahinoor Islam, 2023. "Advanced Applications of Carbonaceous Materials in Sustainable Water Treatment, Energy Storage, and CO 2 Capture: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-56, May.
    3. Md Sumon Reza & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Juntakan Taweekun & Fairuzeta Ja’afar & Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar & Abul K. Azad & Hridoy Roy & Md. , 2023. "Ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Invasive Pennisetum purpureum Grass with Activated Carbon for Upgrading Bio-Oil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Md Sumon Reza & Zhanar Baktybaevna Iskakova & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Marzhan M. Kubenova & Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar & Abul K. Azad & Hrido, 2023. "Influence of Catalyst on the Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil for the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-39, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Md Sumon Reza & Zhanar Baktybaevna Iskakova & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Marzhan M. Kubenova & Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar & Abul K. Azad & Hrido, 2023. "Influence of Catalyst on the Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil for the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-39, July.
    2. Hossain, Nazia & Zaini, Juliana & Indra Mahlia, Teuku Meurah, 2019. "Life cycle assessment, energy balance and sensitivity analysis of bioethanol production from microalgae in a tropical country," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    3. López-González, D. & Avalos-Ramirez, A. & Giroir-Fendler, A. & Godbout, S. & Fernandez-Lopez, M. & Sanchez-Silva, L. & Valverde, J.L., 2015. "Combustion kinetic study of woody and herbaceous crops by thermal analysis coupled to mass spectrometry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1626-1635.
    4. Erić, Aleksandar & Cvetinović, Dejan & Milutinović, Nada & Škobalj, Predrag & Bakić, Vukman, 2022. "Combined parametric modelling of biomass devolatilisation process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 13-22.
    5. Mahlia, T.M.I. & Syazmi, Z.A.H.S. & Mofijur, M. & Abas, A.E. Pg & Bilad, M.R. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Silitonga, A.S., 2020. "Patent landscape review on biodiesel production: Technology updates," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    6. Endriss, Felix & Kuptz, Daniel & Wissmann, Dirk & Hartmann, Hans & Dietz, Elke & Kappler, Andreas & Thorwarth, Harald, 2024. "Impacts on X-ray fluorescence measurements for rapid determination of the chemical composition of renewable solid biofuels," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    7. Xiaowei Zeng & Xiaomei Yang & Shuai Zhong & Zhihua Wang & Yaxin Ding & Dan Meng & Ku Gao, 2023. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity at a National Scale: A Case Study of Southeast Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-32, March.
    8. Gyeong-Min Kim & Dae-Gyun Lee & Chung-Hwan Jeon, 2019. "Fundamental Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis of Lignocellulosic Woody and Herbaceous Biomass Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-16, March.
    9. Collazo, Joaquín & Pazó, José Antonio & Granada, Enrique & Saavedra, Ángeles & Eguía, Pablo, 2012. "Determination of the specific heat of biomass materials and the combustion energy of coke by DSC analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 746-752.
    10. Atef El Jery & Renzon Daniel Cosme Pecho & Meryelem Tania Churampi Arellano & Moutaz Aldrdery & Abubakr Elkhaleefa & Chongqing Wang & Saad Sh. Sammen & Hussam H. Tizkam, 2023. "Transforming Waste into Value: Eco-Friendly Synthesis of MOFs for Sustainable PFOA Remediation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-18, July.
    11. Molino, A. & Nanna, F. & Villone, A., 2014. "Characterization of biomasses in the southern Italy regions for their use in thermal processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 180-188.
    12. Salkuyeh, Yaser Khojasteh & Elkamel, Ali & Thé, Jesse & Fowler, Michael, 2016. "Development and techno-economic analysis of an integrated petroleum coke, biomass, and natural gas polygeneration process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 861-874.
    13. Yulisa, Arma & Park, Sang Hyeok & Chairattanawat, Chayanee & Hwang, Seokhwan, 2023. "Effect of feeding strategies on the start-up of anaerobic digestion of fish waste," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    14. Gojiya, Anil & Deb, Dipankar & Iyer, Kannan K.R., 2019. "Feasibility study of power generation from agricultural residue in comparison with soil incorporation of residue," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 416-425.
    15. Zhichao Shi & Aowen Ma & Yuanhang Chen & Menghan Zhang & Yin Zhang & Na Zhou & Shisuo Fan & Yi Wang, 2023. "The Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solutions Using Peanut Shell Biochars Prepared at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, January.
    16. Farahani, Moein Farmahini & Akbari, Shahin & Sadeghi, Sadegh & Bidabadi, Mehdi & Moghadam, Mohammadamir Ghasemian & Xu, Fei, 2020. "Analytical study of transient counter-flow non-premixed combustion of biomass in presence of thermal radiation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 312-325.
    17. Saaida Khlifi & Marzouk Lajili & Patrick Perré & Victor Pozzobon, 2022. "A Numerical Study of Turbulent Combustion of a Lignocellulosic Gas Mixture in an Updraft Fixed Bed Reactor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    18. Jadwiga Wyszkowska & Agata Borowik & Magdalena Zaborowska & Jan Kucharski, 2023. "Calorific Value of Zea mays Biomass Derived from Soil Contaminated with Chromium (VI) Disrupting the Soil’s Biochemical Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-19, April.
    19. Hwai Chyuan Ong & M. Mofijur & A.S. Silitonga & D. Gumilang & Fitranto Kusumo & T.M.I. Mahlia, 2020. "Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    20. Chowdhury, Hemal & Chowdhury, Tamal & Miskat, Monirul Islam & Hossain, Nazia & Chowdhury, Piyal & Sait, Sadiq M., 2021. "Potential of biogas and bioelectricity production from Rohingya camp in Bangladesh: A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1643-:d:1035847. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.