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Ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Invasive Pennisetum purpureum Grass with Activated Carbon for Upgrading Bio-Oil

Author

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  • Md Sumon Reza

    (Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
    Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90112, Thailand
    Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Shammya Afroze

    (Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan)

  • Kairat Kuterbekov

    (Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan)

  • Asset Kabyshev

    (Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan)

  • Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza

    (Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan)

  • Juntakan Taweekun

    (Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90112, Thailand)

  • Fairuzeta Ja’afar

    (Chemical Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar

    (Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Abul K. Azad

    (Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Hridoy Roy

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh)

  • Md. Shahinoor Islam

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
    Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh)

Abstract

Energy demands keep increasing in this modern world as the world population increases, which leads to a reduction in fossil fuels. To resolve these challenges, Pennisetum purpureum, an invasive grass in Brunei Darussalam, was examined as the feedstock for renewable energy through a catalytic pyrolysis process. The activated carbon was applied as the catalyst for a simple and economical solution. The catalytic pyrolysis was executed at 500 °C (the temperature for the highest biofuel yield) for both reactors to produce the highest amount of upgraded biofuels. The biochar produced from the non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis processes showed a consistent yield due to stable operating conditions, from which the activated carbon was generated and used as the catalyst in this work. A significant amount of improvement was found in the production of biofuels, especially bio-oil. It was found that for catalysts, the number of phenolic, alcohol, furans, and ketones was increased by reducing the amount of acidic, aldehyde, miscellaneous oxygenated, and nitrogenous composites in bio-oils. The highest amount of phenolic compounds was produced due to a number of functional groups (-C=O and -OH) in activated carbon. The regenerated activated carbons also showed promising outcomes as catalysts for upgrading the bio-oils. The overall performance of synthesized and regenerated activated carbon as a catalyst in catalytic pyrolysis was highly promising for improving the quality and stability of bio-oil.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Sumon Reza & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Juntakan Taweekun & Fairuzeta Ja’afar & Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar & Abul K. Azad & Hridoy Roy & Md. , 2023. "Ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Invasive Pennisetum purpureum Grass with Activated Carbon for Upgrading Bio-Oil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7628-:d:1140564
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Md Sumon Reza & Juntakan Taweekun & Shammya Afroze & Shohel Ahmed Siddique & Md. Shahinoor Islam & Chongqing Wang & Abul K. Azad, 2023. "Investigation of Thermochemical Properties and Pyrolysis of Barley Waste as a Source for Renewable Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Md Sumon Reza & Abul K. Azad & Muhammad S. Abu Bakar & Md Rezaul Karim & Mohsen Sharifpur & Juntakan Taweekun, 2022. "Evaluation of Thermochemical Characteristics and Pyrolysis of Fish Processing Waste for Renewable Energy Feedstock," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Duan, Dengle & Zhang, Yayun & Wang, Yunpu & Lei, Hanwu & Wang, Qin & Ruan, Roger, 2020. "Production of renewable jet fuel and gasoline range hydrocarbons from catalytic pyrolysis of soapstock over corn cob-derived activated carbons," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    4. Kan, Tao & Strezov, Vladimir & Evans, Tim & He, Jing & Kumar, Ravinder & Lu, Qiang, 2020. "Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A review of variations in process factors and system structure," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    5. Pimentel, David & Zuniga, Rodolfo & Morrison, Doug, 2005. "Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 273-288, February.
    6. Ao, Wenya & Fu, Jie & Mao, Xiao & Kang, Qinhao & Ran, Chunmei & Liu, Yang & Zhang, Hedong & Gao, Zuopeng & Li, Jing & Liu, Guangqing & Dai, Jianjun, 2018. "Microwave assisted preparation of activated carbon from biomass: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 958-979.
    7. Huo, Erguang & Duan, Dengle & Lei, Hanwu & Liu, Chao & Zhang, Yayun & Wu, Jie & Zhao, Yunfeng & Huang, Zhiyang & Qian, Moriko & Zhang, Qingfa & Lin, Xiaona & Wang, Chenxi & Mateo, Wendy & Villota, Elm, 2020. "Phenols production form Douglas fir catalytic pyrolysis with MgO and biomass-derived activated carbon catalysts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Md Sumon Reza & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Md Naimul Haque & Shafi Noor Islam & Md Aslam Hossain & Mahbub Hassan & Hridoy Roy & Md Shahinoor Islam, 2023. "Advanced Applications of Carbonaceous Materials in Sustainable Water Treatment, Energy Storage, and CO 2 Capture: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-56, May.
    2. Md Sumon Reza & Zhanar Baktybaevna Iskakova & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Marzhan M. Kubenova & Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar & Abul K. Azad & Hrido, 2023. "Influence of Catalyst on the Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil for the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-39, July.

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