IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i21p15380-d1269037.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Obtaining the Synthetic Fuels from Waste Plastic and Their Effect on Cavitation Formation in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector

Author

Listed:
  • L. Kevorkijan

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia)

  • A. Palomar-Torres

    (Department of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • E. Torres-Jiménez

    (Department of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • C. Mata

    (Escuela de Ingeniería Minera e Industrial de Almadén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Energía y Medioambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Plaza Meca s/n, 13400 Almadén, Spain)

  • I. Biluš

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia)

  • L. Lešnik

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia)

Abstract

The presented paper addresses two significant issues of the present time. In general, the studies of the effect of synthetic fuels on cavitation formation and cavitation erosion prediction in the nozzle tip of common-rail diesel injectors were addressed. The first problem is plastic waste, which can have a significant negative environmental impact if not treated properly. Most plastic waste has high energy value, so it represents valuable material that can be used in resource recovery to produce various materials. One possible product is synthetic fuel, which can be produced using thermal and catalytic pyrolysis processes. The first issue addressed in the presented paper is the determination of fuel properties since they highly influence the fuel injection process, spray development, combustion, etc. The second is the prediction of cavitation development and cavitation erosion in a common-rail diesel injector when using pyrolytic oils from waste plastic. At first, pyrolytic oils from waste high- and low-density polyethylene were obtained using thermal and catalytic pyrolysis processes. Then, the obtained oils were further characterised. Finally, the properties of the obtained oils were implemented in the ANSYS FLUENT computational program and used in the study of the cavitation phenomena inside an injection nozzle hole. The cavitating flow in FLUENT was calculated using the Mixture Model and Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model. For the modelling of turbulence, a realisable k–ε model with Enhanced Wall Treatment was used, and an erosion risk indicator was chosen to compare predicted locations of cavitation erosion. The results indicate that the properties of the obtained pyrolytic oils have slightly lower density, surface tension and kinematic viscosity compared to conventional diesel fuel, but these minor differences influence the cavitation phenomenon inside the injection hole. The occurrence of cavitation is advanced when pyrolytic oils are used, and the length of cavitation structures is greater. This further influences the shift of the area of cavitation erosion prediction closer to the nozzle exit and increases its magnitude up to 26% compared to diesel fuel. All these differences have the potential to further influence the spray break-up process, combustion process and emission formation inside the combustion chamber.

Suggested Citation

  • L. Kevorkijan & A. Palomar-Torres & E. Torres-Jiménez & C. Mata & I. Biluš & L. Lešnik, 2023. "Obtaining the Synthetic Fuels from Waste Plastic and Their Effect on Cavitation Formation in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:21:p:15380-:d:1269037
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/21/15380/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/21/15380/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cheng, Fangwei & Luo, Hongxi & Jenkins, Jesse D. & Larson, Eric D., 2023. "The value of low- and negative-carbon fuels in the transition to net-zero emission economies: Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and cost assessments across multiple fuel types," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    2. Battistoni, Michele & Grimaldi, Carlo Nazareno, 2012. "Numerical analysis of injector flow and spray characteristics from diesel injectors using fossil and biodiesel fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 656-666.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Djati Wibowo Djamari & Muhammad Idris & Permana Andi Paristiawan & Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas & Olusegun David Samuel & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Safarudin Gazali Herawan & Davannendran Chandran & Abdu, 2022. "Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, November.
    2. M.H.H. Ishak & Farzad Ismail & Sharzali Che Mat & M.Z. Abdullah & M.S. Abdul Aziz & M.Y. Idroas, 2019. "Numerical Analysis of Nozzle Flow and Spray Characteristics from Different Nozzles Using Diesel and Biofuel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-25, January.
    3. Grima-Olmedo, C. & Ramírez-Gómez, Á. & Alcalde-Cartagena, R., 2014. "Energetic performance of landfill and digester biogas in a domestic cooker," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 301-308.
    4. Haseeb Yaqoob & Yew Heng Teoh & Farooq Sher & Muhammad Umer Farooq & Muhammad Ahmad Jamil & Zareena Kausar & Noor Us Sabah & Muhammad Faizan Shah & Hafiz Zia Ur Rehman & Atiq Ur Rehman, 2021. "Potential of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel in Combustion Engines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, April.
    5. Konstantinos Kolovos & Phoevos Koukouvinis & Robert M. McDavid & Manolis Gavaises, 2021. "Transient Cavitation and Friction-Induced Heating Effects of Diesel Fuel during the Needle Valve Early Opening Stages for Discharge Pressures up to 450 MPa," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    6. Chenyu Gan & Qinglin Ma & Shengyu Bao & Xinming Wang & Tian Qiu & Shuiting Ding, 2023. "Discussion of the Standards System for Sustainable Aviation Fuels: An Aero-Engine Safety Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-28, December.
    7. Hongzhan Xie & Lanbo Song & Yizhi Xie & Dong Pi & Chunyu Shao & Qizhao Lin, 2015. "An Experimental Study on the Macroscopic Spray Characteristics of Biodiesel and Diesel in a Constant Volume Chamber," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-21, June.
    8. Lifeng Du & Yanmei Yang & Luli Zhou & Min Liu, 2024. "Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential and Economics of Green Hydrogen via Water Electrolysis: A Systematic Review of Value-Chain-Wide Decarbonization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-37, May.
    9. Muteeb ul Haq & Ali Turab Jafry & Muhammad Salman Abbasi & Muhammad Jawad & Saad Ahmad & Taqi Ahmad Cheema & Naseem Abbas, 2022. "Numerical and Experimental Spray Analysis of Castor and Jatropha Biodiesel under Non-Evaporating Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    10. Neshat, Mehdi & Sergiienko, Nataliia Y. & Nezhad, Meysam Majidi & da Silva, Leandro S.P. & Amini, Erfan & Marsooli, Reza & Astiaso Garcia, Davide & Mirjalili, Seyedali, 2024. "Enhancing the performance of hybrid wave-wind energy systems through a fast and adaptive chaotic multi-objective swarm optimisation method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 362(C).
    11. Luo, Haizhi & Li, Yingyue & Gao, Xinyu & Meng, Xiangzhao & Yang, Xiaohu & Yan, Jinyue, 2023. "Carbon emission prediction model of prefecture-level administrative region: A land-use-based case study of Xi'an city, China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    12. Michael Frank & Dimitris Drikakis, 2018. "Draining Water from Aircraft Fuel Using Nitrogen Enriched Air," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, April.
    13. Gómez Montoya, Juan Pablo & Castillo Alvarez, Yoisdel & Fernandes De Magalhães, Ruane & Henrique Lermen, Fernando, 2024. "A thermo-economic analysis of a circular economy model for biomass in South America producing biofertilizers and biogas from municipal solid waste," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    14. Luka Lešnik & Breda Kegl & Eloísa Torres-Jiménez & Fernando Cruz-Peragón & Carmen Mata & Ignacijo Biluš, 2021. "Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-21, January.
    15. Zhang, Ji & Jing, Wei & Roberts, William L. & Fang, Tiegang, 2013. "Soot temperature and KL factor for biodiesel and diesel spray combustion in a constant volume combustion chamber," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 52-65.
    16. Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Som, Sibendu & Shukla, Pravesh Chandra & Goyal, Harsh & Longman, Douglas, 2015. "In-nozzle flow and spray characteristics for mineral diesel, Karanja, and Jatropha biodiesels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 138-148.
    17. Zhang, Jibao & Zhang, Xin & Wang, Tao & Hou, Xiaosen, 2019. "A numerical study on jet characteristics under different supercritical conditions for engine applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    18. Mohan, Balaji & Yang, Wenming & Yu, Wenbin, 2014. "Effect of internal nozzle flow and thermo-physical properties on spray characteristics of methyl esters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 123-134.
    19. Dong, Hao & Fang, Juan & Yan, Xiangyu & Lu, Buchu & Liu, Qibin & Liu, Xunliang, 2024. "Experimental investigation of solar hydrogen production via photo-thermal driven steam methane reforming," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    20. Luka Kevorkijan & Ignacijo Biluš & Eloisa Torres-Jiménez & Luka Lešnik, 2024. "The Effect of Fuel Quality on Cavitation Phenomena in Common-Rail Diesel Injector—A Numerical Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-19, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:21:p:15380-:d:1269037. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.