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Long-Term Geospatial Observations of the Drang Drung and Pensilungpa Glaciers, North Western Himalaya, India, from 1976 to 2020

Author

Listed:
  • Avtar Singh Jasrotia

    (Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
    Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India)

  • Suhail Ahmad

    (Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India)

  • Praveen Kumar Thakur

    (Water Resources Division, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, 4-Kalidas Road, Dehradun 248001, India)

  • Qamer Ridwan

    (Applied Ecology Lab, Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India)

  • Zishan Ahmad Wani

    (Conservation Ecology Lab, Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India)

  • Saad Abdurahamn M. Alamri

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sazada Siddiqui

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mahmoud Moustafa

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Drang Drung and Pensilungpa are neighbouring glaciers in the western Himalayas, sharing the same meteorological conditions and climate zone. The Drang Drung glacier is a clean glacier, whereas the Pensilungpa glacier is notable for its considerable accumulation of debris. The present study explores the topographical features of the Drang Drung and Pensilungpa glaciers and investigates how topography affects their response to climate change. Additionally, a comparison is made between these glaciers with others in the basin to assess their representativeness of the region. The study utilized Landsat Imagery and ASTER GDEM data from 1976 to 2020. The results revealed that the mean accumulation area ratio (AAR) for Drang Drung and Pensilungpa was 54% and 49%, respectively, during this period. Drang Drung has lost 8.16 km 2 (10.73%) of its area, while Pensilungpa has lost 2.25 km 2 (9.84%) of its area. The debris cover of Pensilungpa increased from 1.86 km 2 in 1976 to 2.32 km 2 in 2020, whereas the debris cover area of Drang Drung has increased comparatively more, from 4.01 km 2 to 4.76 km 2 . Within the same time frame, the snowline altitude (SLA) shifted upward by an average of 104 m and 88 m for Drang Drung Pensilungpa, respectively. Further, our findings revealed a substantial connection between the size of glaciers and the speed at which their area is diminishing. The mean slope was identified as a key factor in influencing the rate at which the area is lost, and the retreat rates of the glaciers. The reduction in glacial area, increased debris coverage, and changes in SLA are key indicators of ice volume loss under prevailing climatic conditions. The present study recommends that long-term field-based data and the incorporation of multi-temporal satellite imagery are crucial to mitigate uncertainties in detecting changes in Himalayan glaciers. These approaches would contribute to a more accurate understanding of glacial changes, and would aid in forecasting future scenarios considering ongoing global warming trends.

Suggested Citation

  • Avtar Singh Jasrotia & Suhail Ahmad & Praveen Kumar Thakur & Qamer Ridwan & Zishan Ahmad Wani & Saad Abdurahamn M. Alamri & Sazada Siddiqui & Mahmoud Moustafa, 2023. "Long-Term Geospatial Observations of the Drang Drung and Pensilungpa Glaciers, North Western Himalaya, India, from 1976 to 2020," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:20:p:15067-:d:1263301
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Manish Mehta & Vinit Kumar & Pankaj Kunmar & Kalachand Sain, 2023. "Response of the Thick and Thin Debris-Covered Glaciers between 1971 and 2019 in Ladakh Himalaya, India—A Case Study from Pensilungpa and Durung-Drung Glaciers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Andreas Kääb & Etienne Berthier & Christopher Nuth & Julie Gardelle & Yves Arnaud, 2012. "Contrasting patterns of early twenty-first-century glacier mass change in the Himalayas," Nature, Nature, vol. 488(7412), pages 495-498, August.
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