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Brown Coal Waste in Agriculture and Environmental Protection: A Review

Author

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  • Barbara Symanowicz

    (Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 14 St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland)

  • Rafał Toczko

    (Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 14 St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland)

Abstract

Modern agricultural technologies have contributed to a significant reduction in the amount of soil organic matter. Brown coal waste (BCW), with low energy content, can be used to neutralize this process, contributing to the recuperation of soil fertility and to environmental protection. More studies need to be conducted on organomineral fertilizers based on BCW and applied to soils with low humus content. Apart from increasing soil production capacity in arable fields, BCW could be used for the reclamation of industrially contaminated areas and degraded soils, in the vicinity of motorways and in soilless agriculture. It can also be used as a sorbent of gases emitted from slurry during its storage such as NH 3 , H 2 S, mercaptans, volatile fulvic acids (FAs); as a component of sewage sludge compost; as a natural additive to calf feed; and for the production of adsorbents for sewage and wastewater treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara Symanowicz & Rafał Toczko, 2023. "Brown Coal Waste in Agriculture and Environmental Protection: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13371-:d:1234333
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daolong Xu & Xiufen Li & Jian Chen & Jianghua Li, 2023. "Research Progress of Soil and Vegetation Restoration Technology in Open-Pit Coal Mine: A Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Barbara Symanowicz & Rafał Toczko & Martyna Toczko, 2022. "Enzymatic Activity of Soil after Applying Mineral Fertilizers and Waste Lignite to Maize Grown for Silage," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Zehra Ekin, 2019. "Integrated Use of Humic Acid and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria to Ensure Higher Potato Productivity in Sustainable Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, June.
    4. Marcin Becher & Dorota Kalembasa & Stanisław Kalembasa & Barbara Symanowicz & Dawid Jaremko & Adam Matyszczak, 2023. "A New Method for Sequential Fractionation of Nitrogen in Drained Organic (Peat) Soils," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
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