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Assessment of the Influence of Aluminum, Iron, and Manganese Forms on the Phytocenoses of Post-Mining Lands in the Lengerskoye Brown Coal Mine

Author

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  • Akmaral Issayeva

    (Ecology and Biotechnology Institute, Shymkent University, Zhibek Zholy Avenue, 161, Shymkent 160000, Kazakhstan
    Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Science, al. Adam Mickiewicz, 33, 31-120 Krakow, Poland)

  • Waldemar Spychalski

    (Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28 Street, 60-637 Poznan, Poland)

  • Elźbieta Wilk-Woźniak

    (Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Science, al. Adam Mickiewicz, 33, 31-120 Krakow, Poland)

  • Dariusz Kayzer

    (Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28 Street, 60-637 Poznan, Poland)

  • Radosław Pankiewicz

    (Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland)

  • Wojciech Antkowiak

    (Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28 Street, 60-637 Poznan, Poland)

  • Bogusława Łeska

    (Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland)

  • Akmaral Alikhan

    (Department of Biotechnology, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan Avenue, 5, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan)

  • Assel Tleukeyeva

    (Department of Biotechnology, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan Avenue, 5, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan)

  • Zbigniew Rozwadowski

    (Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland)

Abstract

Post-mining land in areas where mineral extraction has occurred may constitute a significant portion of the land used for various purposes. Such land serves as soil-forming parent material for developing anthropogenic soils, which sometimes exhibit unfavorable physicochemical properties. The toxicity of the waste generated during lignite mining is due to a number of factors, whose determination permits the identification of its origin for the subsequent design of technologies for the waste reclamation. The purpose of the study, in consistence with sustainable development, is to identify the causes of the toxicity of brown coal waste from the Lengerskoye deposit, in southern Kazakhstan. These studies have provided the results essential for planning remedial actions necessary to improve the well-being of the local population, in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The studies were performed using single extraction; forms of Al, Fe, and Mn; soil texture; elemental analysis; phytocoenosis analysis; and diffractometric, IR spectroscopic, SEM, route reconnaissance, and comparative statistical methods. A decrease in the biodiversity of plant species was noted, with a gradual increase with distance from the waste storage sites. The most resistant plant species in the vicinity of the waste dump were Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers and Alhagi pseudalhagi (M. Bieb.) Desv. ex B. Keller & Shap., while Dodartia orientalis (L.) was the only plant species found at the edge of the waste dump. The high toxicity of lignite waste is determined by such factors as low pH values, about 3.0; high content of active forms of aluminum, iron, and manganese (344.0, 0.90, and 20 mg/kg); high electrical conductivity—2835 µS/cm; waste composition poor in nutrients; and climate aridity. It has been observed that a content of exchangeable aluminum above 100 mg/kg resulted in an almost complete lack of vegetation.

Suggested Citation

  • Akmaral Issayeva & Waldemar Spychalski & Elźbieta Wilk-Woźniak & Dariusz Kayzer & Radosław Pankiewicz & Wojciech Antkowiak & Bogusława Łeska & Akmaral Alikhan & Assel Tleukeyeva & Zbigniew Rozwadowski, 2025. "Assessment of the Influence of Aluminum, Iron, and Manganese Forms on the Phytocenoses of Post-Mining Lands in the Lengerskoye Brown Coal Mine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:4:p:1642-:d:1592585
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dariusz Kayzer & Dorota Czerwińska-Kayzer & Joanna Florek & Ryszard Staniszewski, 2024. "Financial Security as a Basis for the Sustainable Development of Small and Medium-Sized Renewable Energy Companies—A Polish Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-21, July.
    2. Lejeune, Michel & Calinski, Tadeusz, 2000. "Canonical Analysis Applied to Multivariate Analysis of Variance," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 100-119, January.
    3. Barbara Symanowicz & Rafał Toczko, 2023. "Brown Coal Waste in Agriculture and Environmental Protection: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-14, September.
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