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Dynamic Simulation Model and Experimental Validation of One Passive Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Powertrain for an Electric Light Scooter

Author

Listed:
  • Zhiming Zhang

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Alexander Rex

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Jiaming Zhou

    (School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China)

  • Xinfeng Zhang

    (School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China)

  • Gangqiang Huang

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Jinming Zhang

    (School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China)

  • Tong Zhang

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
    Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University Zhejiang, Jiaxing 314006, China)

Abstract

Given the escalating issue of climate change, environmental protection is of growing importance. A rising proportion of battery-powered scooters are becoming available. However, their range is limited, and they require a long charging time. The fuel cell–battery-powered electric scooter appears to be a promising alternative. Further development of the active hybrid is the passive hybrid, in which the fuel cell is directly coupled to the battery, eliminating the need for a DC/DC converter. The passive hybrid promises the possibility of a reduction in the installation volume and cost. A simulation model is created MATLAB/Simulink for the passive fuel cell–battery hybrid electric scooter. It specifically focuses on how the power split between the fuel cell and battery occurs under dynamic load requirements. The scooter is powered by two air–hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems with a nominal power of 250 W each and a Li-ion battery (48 V, 12 Ah). The validation is performed following an ECE-R47 driving cycle. The maximum relative deviation of the fuel cell is 2.82% for the current value. The results of the simulation show a high level of agreement with the test data. This study provides a method allowing for an efficient assessment of the passive fuel cell–battery hybrid electric scooter.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhiming Zhang & Alexander Rex & Jiaming Zhou & Xinfeng Zhang & Gangqiang Huang & Jinming Zhang & Tong Zhang, 2023. "Dynamic Simulation Model and Experimental Validation of One Passive Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Powertrain for an Electric Light Scooter," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:17:p:13180-:d:1231282
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jia, Chunchun & Zhou, Jiaming & He, Hongwen & Li, Jianwei & Wei, Zhongbao & Li, Kunang & Shi, Man, 2023. "A novel energy management strategy for hybrid electric bus with fuel cell health and battery thermal- and health-constrained awareness," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    2. Jiaming Zhou & Chunxiao Feng & Qingqing Su & Shangfeng Jiang & Zhixian Fan & Jiageng Ruan & Shikai Sun & Leli Hu, 2022. "The Multi-Objective Optimization of Powertrain Design and Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell–Battery Electric Vehicle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Zhang, Yi & Tennakoon, Thilhara & Chan, Yin Hoi & Chan, Ka Chung & Fu, Sau Chung & Tso, Chi Yan & Yu, Kin Man & Huang, Bao Ling & Yao, Shu Huai & Qiu, Hui He & Chao, Christopher Y.H., 2022. "Energy consumption modelling of a passive hybrid system for office buildings in different climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    4. Zeng, Tao & Zhang, Caizhi & Zhang, Yanyi & Deng, Chenghao & Hao, Dong & Zhu, Zhongwen & Ran, Hongxu & Cao, Dongpu, 2021. "Optimization-oriented adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy based on short-term demand power prediction for fuel cell hybrid vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
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