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What Drives People’s Willingness to Adopt Autonomous Vehicles? A Review of Internal and External Factors

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  • Md. Mokhlesur Rahman

    (The School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, 343 Hinds Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
    Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh)

  • Jean-Claude Thill

    (Department of Geography and Earth Sciences & School of Data Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA)

Abstract

This article presents a state-of-the-art literature review to understand people’s perceptions and opinions of Autonomous Vehicles and the factors that influence their adoption. A strategic literature search was conducted to select articles for this review. Most of the articles were published since 2015 and they used a household questionnaire survey to collect data. Mostly, they used statistical and econometric methods to evaluate the factors that affect people’s intentions to adopt Autonomous Vehicles. The results show that psychological factors often appear as the most important internal factors of people’s willingness to adopt Autonomous Vehicles. Additionally, other internal factors such as the socioeconomic profile of individuals and their household, and knowledge and familiarity with Autonomous Vehicle technologies would affect adoption tendencies. User attributes also indirectly affect adoption of Autonomous Vehicles by influencing the psychological factors of users. We identify several critical external factors such as opportunities (e.g., safety and security, low congestion, energy use) and challenges (e.g., system failures, privacy breaches, and legal issues), while another influential group includes transportation factors (e.g., travel mode, distance, and time), urban form (e.g., urban/rural, density, land use diversity), affinity to new technology, and the institutional regulatory environment. We discuss some recommendations for policy makers, auto industries, and private stakeholders to formulate policies and strategies to increase the market share of Autonomous Vehicles. Finally, we identify some limitations of previous studies and provide a blueprint for future research on Autonomous Vehicle adoption.

Suggested Citation

  • Md. Mokhlesur Rahman & Jean-Claude Thill, 2023. "What Drives People’s Willingness to Adopt Autonomous Vehicles? A Review of Internal and External Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-29, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11541-:d:1202706
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Prateek Bansal & Kara M. Kockelman, 2018. "Are we ready to embrace connected and self-driving vehicles? A case study of Texans," Transportation, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 641-675, March.
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    14. Peng Jing & Gang Xu & Yuexia Chen & Yuji Shi & Fengping Zhan, 2020. "The Determinants behind the Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-26, February.
    15. Pol Camps-Aragó & Laura Temmerman & Wim Vanobberghen & Simon Delaere, 2022. "Encouraging the Sustainable Adoption of Autonomous Vehicles for Public Transport in Belgium: Citizen Acceptance, Business Models, and Policy Aspects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-26, January.
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