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Application of the Simplex-Centroid Mixture Design to Biomass Charcoal Powder Formulation Ratio for Biomass Charcoal Briquettes

Author

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  • Phisamas Hwangdee

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
    Agricultural Machinery and Postharvest Technology Research Center, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
    Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand)

  • Singrun Charee

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Agro-Industry, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Nonthaburi 13000, Thailand)

  • Watcharin Kheowkrai

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand)

  • Chaiyan Junsiri

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
    Agricultural Machinery and Postharvest Technology Research Center, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Kittipong Laloon

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
    Agricultural Machinery and Postharvest Technology Research Center, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
    Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand)

Abstract

This study aims to increase the quality and value of raw materials with a low higher heating value, HHV (secondary ingredients), but which is abundantly available throughout the year by mixing it with high HHV materials (main ingredients) to obtain quality and standardized charcoal products in accordance with the industrial product standards as approved for commercial use. As for the ingredients, charcoal A is Eucalyptus bark coal (EuBC) with an average HHV of 3779.98 cal/g, charcoal B is rice husk coal (RHC) with an average HHV of 4863.29 cal/g, and charcoal C is charcoal from a biomass power plant (CBPP) with an average HHV of 5991.18 cal/g. The results from the simplex-centroid mixture design method allowed increased quality and value of the biomass charcoal powder (raw material) that has a low heating value but is sufficiently available throughout the year due to the mixing of secondary ingredients with raw materials that have a high heating value (main ingredient). The charcoal briquettes production must be qualified and meet the industrial product standards, and be approved for commercial use.

Suggested Citation

  • Phisamas Hwangdee & Singrun Charee & Watcharin Kheowkrai & Chaiyan Junsiri & Kittipong Laloon, 2022. "Application of the Simplex-Centroid Mixture Design to Biomass Charcoal Powder Formulation Ratio for Biomass Charcoal Briquettes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:3940-:d:780423
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    References listed on IDEAS

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