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Facilitating Safe FFF 3D Printing: A Prototype Material Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Panagiotis Karayannis

    (IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astridlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium)

  • Stratos Saliakas

    (IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astridlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium)

  • Ioannis Kokkinopoulos

    (IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astridlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium)

  • Spyridon Damilos

    (IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astridlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium)

  • Elias P. Koumoulos

    (IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astridlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium)

  • Eleni Gkartzou

    (School of Chemical Engineering, R-Nano Lab, Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece)

  • Julio Gomez

    (Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., Av. Lentiscares 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, Spain)

  • Constantinos Charitidis

    (School of Chemical Engineering, R-Nano Lab, Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has introduced a paradigm shift in the manufacturing world, and it is increasing in popularity. In cases of such rapid and widespread acceptance of novel technologies, material or process safety issues may be underestimated, due to safety research being outpaced by the breakthroughs of innovation. However, a definitive approach in studying the various occupational or environmental risks of new technologies is a vital part of their sustainable application. In fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing, the practicality and simplicity of the method are juxtaposed by ultrafine particle (UFP) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission hazards. In this work, the decision of selecting the optimal material for the mass production of a microfluidic device substrate via FFF 3D printing is supported by an emission/exposure assessment. Three candidate prototype materials are evaluated in terms of their comparative emission potential. The impact of nozzle temperature settings, as well as the microfluidic device’s structural characteristics regarding the magnitude of emissions, is evaluated. The projected exposure of the employees operating the 3D printer is determined. The concept behind this series of experiments is proposed as a methodology to generate an additional set of decision-support decision-making criteria for FFF 3D printing production cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Panagiotis Karayannis & Stratos Saliakas & Ioannis Kokkinopoulos & Spyridon Damilos & Elias P. Koumoulos & Eleni Gkartzou & Julio Gomez & Constantinos Charitidis, 2022. "Facilitating Safe FFF 3D Printing: A Prototype Material Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-26, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:3046-:d:764589
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luís Mendes & Anneli Kangas & Kirsi Kukko & Bjarke Mølgaard & Arto Säämänen & Tomi Kanerva & Iñigo Flores Ituarte & Marika Huhtiniemi & Helene Stockmann-Juvala & Jouni Partanen & Kaarle Hämeri & Konst, 2017. "Characterization of Emissions from a Desktop 3D Printer," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 21(S1), pages 94-106, November.
    2. Alex J L Morgan & Lorena Hidalgo San Jose & William D Jamieson & Jennifer M Wymant & Bing Song & Phil Stephens & David A Barrow & Oliver K Castell, 2016. "Simple and Versatile 3D Printed Microfluidics Using Fused Filament Fabrication," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Attaran, Mohsen, 2017. "The rise of 3-D printing: The advantages of additive manufacturing over traditional manufacturing," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 60(5), pages 677-688.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yousif Saad Alshebly & Khameel B. Mustapha & Ali Zolfagharian & Mahdi Bodaghi & Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali & Haider Abbas Almurib & Marwan Nafea, 2022. "Bioinspired Pattern-Driven Single-Material 4D Printing for Self-Morphing Actuators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-21, August.
    2. Noura Al-Mazrouei & Ali H. Al-Marzouqi & Waleed Ahmed, 2022. "Characterization and Sustainability Potential of Recycling 3D-Printed Nylon Composite Wastes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, August.

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