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Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles in Power Systems: An Updated and Detailed Review of Methods, Control Structures, Objectives, and Optimization Methodologies

Author

Listed:
  • Saleh Aghajan-Eshkevari

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 0098, Iran)

  • Sasan Azad

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 0098, Iran
    Electrical Network Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 0098, Iran)

  • Morteza Nazari-Heris

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA)

  • Mohammad Taghi Ameli

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 0098, Iran
    Electrical Network Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 0098, Iran)

  • Somayeh Asadi

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA)

Abstract

As a result of fossil fuel prices and the associated environmental issues, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a substitute for fossil-fueled vehicles. Their use is expected to grow significantly in a short period of time. However, the widespread use of EVs and their large-scale integration into the power system will pose numerous operational and technical challenges. To avoid these issues, it is essential to manage the charging and discharging of EVs. EVs may also be considered sources of dispersed energy storage and used to increase the network’s operation and efficiency with reasonable charge and discharge management. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and updated review of control structures of EVs in charging stations, objectives of EV management in power systems, and optimization methodologies for charge and discharge management of EVs in energy systems. The goals that can be accomplished with efficient charge and discharge management of EVs are divided into three groups in this paper (network activity, economic, and environmental goals) and analyzed in detail. Additionally, the biggest obstacles that EVs face when participating in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications are examined in this paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Saleh Aghajan-Eshkevari & Sasan Azad & Morteza Nazari-Heris & Mohammad Taghi Ameli & Somayeh Asadi, 2022. "Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles in Power Systems: An Updated and Detailed Review of Methods, Control Structures, Objectives, and Optimization Methodologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-31, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2137-:d:748555
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    2. Yong, Jin Yi & Tan, Wen Shan & Khorasany, Mohsen & Razzaghi, Reza, 2023. "Electric vehicles destination charging: An overview of charging tariffs, business models and coordination strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    3. Aghajan-Eshkevari, Saleh & Ameli, Mohammad Taghi & Azad, Sasan, 2023. "Optimal routing and power management of electric vehicles in coupled power distribution and transportation systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    4. Walied Alharbi, 2023. "Assessment of Distribution System Margins Considering Battery Swapping Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-13, April.
    5. Jian Xiao & Wei Hou, 2022. "Cost Estimation Process of Green Energy Production and Consumption Using Probability Learning Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-14, June.
    6. Dorian O. Sidea & Andrei M. Tudose & Irina I. Picioroaga & Constantin Bulac, 2022. "Two-Stage Optimal Active-Reactive Power Coordination for Microgrids with High Renewable Sources Penetration and Electrical Vehicles Based on Improved Sine−Cosine Algorithm," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-24, December.
    7. Victor-Gallardo, Luis & Quirós-Tortós, Jairo, 2023. "Techno-economic comparison of centralized and distributed power generation to support large-scale transport electrification in Costa Rica," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 120-138.
    8. Yuxuan Wang & Bingxu Zhang & Chenyang Li & Yongzhang Huang, 2022. "Collaborative Robust Optimization Strategy of Electric Vehicles and Other Distributed Energy Considering Load Flexibility," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-22, April.
    9. Mohammad Kamrul Hasan & AKM Ahasan Habib & Shayla Islam & Mohammed Balfaqih & Khaled M. Alfawaz & Dalbir Singh, 2023. "Smart Grid Communication Networks for Electric Vehicles Empowering Distributed Energy Generation: Constraints, Challenges, and Recommendations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, January.
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    11. Mahyar Alinejad & Omid Rezaei & Reza Habibifar & Mahdi Azimian, 2022. "A Charge/Discharge Plan for Electric Vehicles in an Intelligent Parking Lot Considering Destructive Random Decisions, and V2G and V2V Energy Transfer Modes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, October.

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