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Assessment of Quality Indicators of Pressed Biofuel Produced from Coarse Herbaceous Plants and Determination of the Influence of Moisture on the Properties of Pellets

Author

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  • Algirdas Jasinskas

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, Studentu Str. 15A, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Vytautas Kleiza

    (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, K.Donelaicio 58, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Dionizas Streikus

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, Studentu Str. 15A, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Rolandas Domeika

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, Studentu Str. 15A, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Edvardas Vaiciukevičius

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, Studentu Str. 15A, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Gvidas Gramauskas

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, Studentu Str. 15A, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Marvin T. Valentin

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Technology, Benguet State University, Km. 5, La Trinidad 2601, Philippines)

Abstract

Three coarse herbaceous energy plants—such as Miscanthus ( Miscanthus sinensis ), sida ( Sida hermaphrodita Rusby) and cup plant ( Silphium perfoliatum L.)—were grown and investigated in the experimental fields of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, and the technical means of plant processing and utilization for solid biofuel were investigated. The physical–mechanical properties and quality indicators (moisture content, biometrical properties, density, and resistance to compression) of coarse stem herbaceous plants milled and compressed into 6 mm diameter pellets were investigated. The moisture content of the tested pellets was sufficiently low and ranged from 8.7% to 9.6%. The highest density was that of sida pellets (1072.3 ± 43.4 kg m −3 DM), and the lowest density was that of Miscanthus pellets (713.5 ± 67.1 kg m −3 DM). In order to evaluate the influence of moisture content on the properties of biofuel pressed into pellets, the density and the destructive compressive force of the different-moisture pellets were investigated and their change in the range of 5–15% pellet moisture content was evaluated. Criterion k was calculated to determine the effect of moisture on the pellet quality indicators (density, destructive compressive force, and lower heating value), and the following results were obtained: the highest influence of moisture on density was observed in sida ( k = 34.280), on destructive compressive force in Miscanthus ( k = 14.5), and on the lower heating value, also in Miscanthus ( k = 0.198). After a comprehensive investigation and evaluation of these properties, an empirical model suitable for practical use was developed and prepared. Emissions of harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, were determined when various coarse stem herbaceous energy plants were burned. The determined emissions of harmful gases into the environment did not exceed the permissible values.

Suggested Citation

  • Algirdas Jasinskas & Vytautas Kleiza & Dionizas Streikus & Rolandas Domeika & Edvardas Vaiciukevičius & Gvidas Gramauskas & Marvin T. Valentin, 2022. "Assessment of Quality Indicators of Pressed Biofuel Produced from Coarse Herbaceous Plants and Determination of the Influence of Moisture on the Properties of Pellets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:1068-:d:727230
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    1. Yuxi Wang & Jingxin Wang & Xufeng Zhang & Shawn Grushecky, 2020. "Environmental and Economic Assessments and Uncertainties of Multiple Lignocellulosic Biomass Utilization for Bioenergy Products: Case Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Šiaudinis, Gintaras & Jasinskas, Algirdas & Šarauskis, Egidijus & Steponavičius, Dainius & Karčauskienė, Danutė & Liaudanskienė, Inga, 2015. "The assessment of Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby) and cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) productivity, physico–mechanical properties and energy expenses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 606-612.
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    2. Jadwiga Wyszkowska & Agata Borowik & Magdalena Zaborowska & Jan Kucharski, 2023. "Calorific Value of Zea mays Biomass Derived from Soil Contaminated with Chromium (VI) Disrupting the Soil’s Biochemical Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-19, April.
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