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Technical, Environmental, and Qualitative Assessment of the Oak Waste Processing and Its Usage for Energy Conversion

Author

Listed:
  • Algirdas Jasinskas

    (Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, 48005 Kaunas District, Lithuania)

  • Ramūnas Mieldažys

    (Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, 48005 Kaunas District, Lithuania)

  • Eglė Jotautienė

    (Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, 48005 Kaunas District, Lithuania)

  • Rolandas Domeika

    (Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, 48005 Kaunas District, Lithuania)

  • Edvardas Vaiciukevičius

    (Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, 48005 Kaunas District, Lithuania)

  • Marek Marks

    (Department of Agroecosystems, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

The article analyses and evaluates the possibilities of using oak bark, oak leaves, and their mixtures for biofuel. The preparation of this waste for the burning process (milling, granulation) has been investigated and the results have been presented together with the analysis of the prepared granules’ properties—humidity, density, strength, elemental composition, ash content, caloric value, and others. The moisture content of the oak waste granules ranged from 8.1% to 12.5%, and the granules’ density ranged from 975.8 to 1122.2 kg m −3 DM (dry matter). The amount of oak ash found was very high (from 10.4% to 14.7%)—about 10 times higher than that of wood waste granules. The calorific value determined after burning the oak bark and leaves pellets was sufficiently high, ranging from 17.3 to 17.7 MJ kg −1 . This thermal value of oak waste granules was close to the calorific value of the herbaceous plant species and some types of wood waste. The environmental impact of burning the granules of oak waste was also assessed. The harmful emissions of carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburnt hydrocarbons into the environment were found to be below the permissible limits for the incineration of oak waste granules. The highest CO gas concentration, determined when burning the oak leaves, was 1187.70 mg m −3 , and the lowest NO x concentration, determined when burning the oak bark and leaf mixture granules, was 341.2 mg m −3 . The coefficient of energy efficiency R of the granulated oak leaves biofuel, when the oak waste biomass moisture content was reduced by 10%, reached 3.64. It was very similar to the results of previous studies of various types of granulated straw biofuel (3.5–3.7). The research results presented show that, given that the main parameters of oak waste meet the basic requirements of solid biofuel, oak bark, leaves, and their mixture can be recommended to be used as solid biofuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Algirdas Jasinskas & Ramūnas Mieldažys & Eglė Jotautienė & Rolandas Domeika & Edvardas Vaiciukevičius & Marek Marks, 2020. "Technical, Environmental, and Qualitative Assessment of the Oak Waste Processing and Its Usage for Energy Conversion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:19:p:8113-:d:422590
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Małgorzata Szczepanik & Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz & Grzegorz Zając & Adam Koniuszy & Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw & Artur Wolak, 2021. "The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-9, October.
    2. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Paweł Dudziec & Ewelina Olba-Zięty & Paweł Stachowicz & Michał Krzyżaniak, 2022. "Forest Dendromass as Energy Feedstock: Diversity of Properties and Composition Depending on Systematic Genus and Organ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-60, February.
    3. Valentyna Stanytsina & Volodymyr Artemchuk & Olga Bogoslavska & Artur Zaporozhets & Antonina Kalinichenko & Jan Stebila & Valerii Havrysh & Dariusz Suszanowicz, 2022. "Fossil Fuel and Biofuel Boilers in Ukraine: Trends of Changes in Levelized Cost of Heat," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Andrzej Rostocki & Hilal Unyay & Katarzyna Ławińska & Andrzej Obraniak, 2022. "Granulates Based on Bio and Industrial Waste and Biochar in a Sustainable Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, December.

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