Efficiency Assessment of New Signal Timing in Saudi Arabia Implementing Flashing Green Interval Complimented with Law Enforcement Cameras

Traffic congestion at intersection is one of the significant socioeconomic concerns worldwide. To tackle this challenge, researchers and practitioners are researching and executing different plans to control and manage long queues and delays. The general department of traffic in Saudi Arabia has implemented a new signal timing pattern in a number of signalized intersections that were designed with an additional flashing green phase complemented with law enforcement cameras (SAHER) to improve the capacity and safety of signalized intersections. This research aims to evaluate the impact of flashing green intervals on driver behavior and traffic efficiency of five signalized urban intersections equipped with SAHER in the Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Analyses for the current situation (base scenario) and proposed scenarios (without SAHER) are performed and validated using the microsimulation model (VISSIM) with field collected data at the selected intersections. The results showed that, despite fewer improvements in vehicle delays, the intersections without SAHER and flashing green intervals yield shorter queue lengths than the intersections with SAHER and flashing green intervals. Further, it was also revealed that drivers tend to stop early and start late in the case of SAHER due to fear of red light fines, thus not utilizing the full green split and yellow time. Analysis for the average vehicle delay and queue lengths is also conducted to assess the efficacy of implemented green light flashing with SAHER on driver behavior and operational efficiency of the selected intersections.